Journal article
An investigation into the minimum number of tissue groups required for 7T in‐silico parallel transmit electromagnetic safety simulations in the human head
- Abstract:
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Purpose Safety limits for the permitted specific absorption rate (SAR) place restrictions on pulse sequence design, especially at ultrahigh fields (≥ 7 tesla). Due to intersubject variability, the SAR is usually conservatively estimated based on standard human models that include an applied safety margin to ensure safe operation. One approach to reducing the restrictions is to create more accurate subject‐specific models from their segmented MR images. This study uses electromagnetic simulations to investigate the minimum number of tissue groups required to accurately determine SAR in the human head.
Methods Tissue types from a fully characterized electromagnetic human model with 47 tissue types in the head and neck region were grouped into different tissue clusters based on the conductivities, permittivities, and mass densities of the tissues. Electromagnetic simulations of the head model inside a parallel transmit head coil at 7 tesla were used to determine the minimum number of required tissue clusters to accurately determine the subject‐specific SAR. The identified tissue clusters were then evaluated using 2 additional well‐characterized electromagnetic human models.
Results A minimum of 4‐clusters‐plus‐air was found to be required for accurate SAR estimation. These tissue clusters are centered around gray matter, fat, cortical bone, and cerebrospinal fluid. For all 3 simulated models, the parallel transmit maximum 10g SAR was consistently determined to within an error of <12% relative to the full 47‐tissue model.
Conclusion A minimum of 4‐clusters‐plus‐air are required to produce accurate personalized SAR simulations of the human head when using parallel transmit at 7 tesla.
- Publication status:
- Published
- Peer review status:
- Peer reviewed
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(Preview, Version of record, 886.9KB, Terms of use)
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(Supplementary materials, Version of record, 814.6KB, Terms of use)
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- Publisher copy:
- 10.1002/mrm.28467
Authors
- Publisher:
- Wiley
- Journal:
- Magnetic Resonance in Medicine More from this journal
- Volume:
- 85
- Issue:
- 2
- Pages:
- 1114-1122
- Publication date:
- 2020-08-26
- Acceptance date:
- 2020-07-16
- DOI:
- ISSN:
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0740-3194
- Language:
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English
- Keywords:
- Pubs id:
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1123426
- Local pid:
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pubs:1123426
- Deposit date:
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2020-08-03
Terms of use
- Copyright holder:
- de Buck et al.
- Copyright date:
- 2020
- Rights statement:
- © 2020 The Authors. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
- Licence:
- CC Attribution (CC BY)
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