Journal article
Wrinkling of a bilayer with spatially varying stiffness: from wrinkle branching to cascades
- Abstract:
- We consider the problem of elastic wrinkling for the case where the energetically favourable wrinkle number (or wavelength) varies in space. Ordinarily, such changes are believed to take place via a ‘wrinkle cascade’ in which individual wrinkles break into two (or more) wrinkles all at the same location: many wrinkles are introduced at a single location, and away from this location the wrinkle pattern appears mono-chromatic, with a single mode dominating the pattern at each location. We show that it is also possible for wrinkles to be added gradually, via a small subset of wrinkles branching repeatedly. In this ‘wrinkle branching’ regime, the wrinkle pattern is polychromatic, with several modes dominating the pattern at each location. Using a combination of numerical simulations, analysis and experiments, we show that this wrinkle branching mode is observed when the rate of change of preferred wrinkle number is sufficiently slow. We note that in this regime the branching occurs where the wrinkle amplitude is smallest, making it difficult to observe experimentally, and speculate that this may explain why it appears not to have been often reported before.
- Publication status:
- Published
- Peer review status:
- Peer reviewed
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(Preview, Version of record, pdf, 1.5MB, Terms of use)
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- Publisher copy:
- 10.1098/rspa.2024.0842
Authors
+ Taighde Éireann - Research Ireland
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- Funder identifier:
- https://ror.org/010t7sr36
- Funding agency for:
- O'Kiely, D
- Grant:
- 21/FFP-P/10160
- Programme:
- Frontiers for the Future Programme
+ Leverhulme Trust
More from this funder
- Funder identifier:
- https://ror.org/012mzw131
- Funding agency for:
- Vella, D
- Grant:
- PLP-2017-191
+ European Commission
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- Funder identifier:
- https://ror.org/00k4n6c32
- Grant:
- 637344
- Programme:
- Horizon 2020 Programme
- Publisher:
- Royal Society
- Journal:
- Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences More from this journal
- Volume:
- 481
- Issue:
- 2315
- Article number:
- 20240842
- Publication date:
- 2025-06-11
- Acceptance date:
- 2025-05-02
- DOI:
- EISSN:
-
1471-2946
- ISSN:
-
1364-5021
- Language:
-
English
- Keywords:
- Pubs id:
-
2121402
- Local pid:
-
pubs:2121402
- Deposit date:
-
2025-05-02
Terms of use
- Copyright holder:
- O’Kiely et al.
- Copyright date:
- 2025
- Rights statement:
- © 2025 The Authors. Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited.
- Notes:
- The data used to generate the figures in this paper is publicly available via the Oxford Research Archive via the doi: https://doi.org/10.5287/ora-gjmy25ake.
- Licence:
- CC Attribution (CC BY)
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