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Journal article

Pretreatment cerebrospinal fluid bacterial load correlates with inflammatory response and predicts neurological events during tuberculous meningitis treatment

Abstract:

Background The Mycobacterium tuberculosis load in the brain of individuals with tuberculous meningitis (TBM) may reflect the host’s ability to control the pathogen, determine disease severity, and determine treatment outcomes.

Methods We used the GeneXpert assay to measure the pretreatment M. tuberculosis load in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens from 692 adults with TBM. We sought to understand the relationship between CSF bacterial load and inflammation, and their respective impact on disease severity and treatment outcomes.

Results A 10-fold higher M. tuberculosis load was associated with increased disease severity (odds ratio, 1.59; P = .001 for the comparison between grade 1 and grade 3 severity), CSF neutrophil count (r = 0.364 and P < .0001), and cytokine concentrations (r = 0.438 and P < .0001). A high M. tuberculosis load predicted new neurological events after starting treatment (P = .005, by multinomial logistic regression) but not death. Patients who died had an attenuated inflammatory response at the start of treatment, with reduced cytokine concentrations as compared to survivors. In contrast, patients with high pretreatment CSF bacterial loads, cytokine concentrations, and neutrophil counts were more likely to subsequently experience neurological events.

Conclusions The pretreatment GeneXpert-determined M. tuberculosis load may be a useful predictor of neurological complications occurring during TBM treatment. Given the evidence for the divergent pathogenesis of TBM-associated neurological complications and deaths, therapeutic strategies to reduce them may need reassessment.

Publication status:
Published
Peer review status:
Peer reviewed

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Publisher copy:
10.1093/infdis/jiy588

Authors

More by this author
Institution:
University of Oxford
Department:
NDM
Sub department:
Tropical Medicine
Role:
Author


More from this funder
Funding agency for:
Thuong, NTT
Thwaites, GE
Grant:
206724/Z/17/Z
106680/B/14/Z


Publisher:
Oxford University Press
Journal:
Journal of Infectious Diseases More from this journal
Volume:
219
Issue:
6
Pages:
986–995
Publication date:
2018-10-09
Acceptance date:
2018-10-06
DOI:
EISSN:
1537-6613
ISSN:
0022-1899
Pmid:
30299487


Language:
English
Keywords:
Pubs id:
pubs:929585
UUID:
uuid:1cbb62f0-7b3e-4d26-81a2-7c66e12efbd0
Local pid:
pubs:929585
Source identifiers:
929585
Deposit date:
2018-12-06
ARK identifier:

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