The source, distribution, history and use of Lapis Lazuli in western Asia from the earliest times to the end of the Seleucid era

Thesis

This thesis is a study of the origin, use and distribution of lapis lazuli during three millennia of the history and pre-history of the ancient Near East. This attractive semi-precious stone was extensively used and, like many other stones, was invested with prophylactic powers. It was, therefore, the more coveted.

One of the principal reasons for the choice of lapis lazuli as a subject for examination was due to the belief that it originated from a unique source, namely the mines of Badakhshan in Afghanistan. The long-standing importance of lapis lazuli to the ancient Near East is shown by the early date of its original importation during the Late Ubaid period.

While all the evidence points to Badakhshan as the most probable origin, it has not been possible to substantiate this geologically by such methods as microscopic examination of samples and analysis of components, because no two pieces of the stone are exactly alike. Specimens collected at Badakhshan cover a wide range of colours from deep indigo to the palest blue, and many of these Badakhshan pieces can be matched by archaeological samples.

Continued in thesis ...

Authors: Herrmann, G

• DOI: 10.5287/ora-agwvkymkm
• Type of award: DPhil
• Level of award: Doctoral
• Awarding institution: University of Oxford
• Language: English
• Keywords: Middle East; Seleucid era; western Asia; precious stones; lapis lazuli
• Subjects: Middle East -- Antiquities; Precious stones -- Antiquities; Lapis lazuli