Journal article
Dosing interval is a major factor determining the quality of T cells induced by SARS-CoV-2 mRNA and adenoviral vector vaccines
- Abstract:
- Functional T cell responses are crucial for protective immunity induced by COVID-19 vaccination, but factors influencing the quality of these responses are incompletely understood. We used an activation-induced marker (AIM) assay and single-cell transcriptomic sequencing to analyze SARS-CoV-2 spike-responsive T cells after mild SARS-CoV-2 infection or after one or two doses of mRNA-lipid nanoparticle (mRNA-LNP) or adenoviral-vectored COVID-19 vaccines. Our findings revealed broad functional and clonal heterogeneity in T cells generated by vaccination or infection, including multiple distinct effector populations. T cell function was largely conserved between COVID-19 vaccine platforms but was distinct compared with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Notably, the dosing interval greatly influenced the quality of T cells after two vaccine doses, particularly after mRNA-LNP vaccination, where a longer interval led to reduced inflammatory signaling and increased secondary proliferation. These insights enhance our understanding of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells and inform the optimization of mRNA vaccination regimens.
- Publication status:
- Published
- Peer review status:
- Peer reviewed
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- Files:
-
-
(Preview, Accepted manuscript, pdf, 324.9KB, Terms of use)
-
- Publisher copy:
- 10.1126/sciimmunol.adu4610
Authors
+ Medical Research Council
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- Funder identifier:
- https://ror.org/03x94j517
- Grant:
- MR/Y004450/1
+ Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council
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- Funder identifier:
- https://ror.org/0439y7842
- Grant:
- EP/R013756/1
+ Wellcome Trust
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- Funder identifier:
- https://ror.org/029chgv08
- Grant:
- 227217/Z/23/Z
- 222426/Z/21/Z
- 220991/Z/20/Z
- 216417/Z/19/Z
+ UK Research and Innovation
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- Funder identifier:
- https://ror.org/001aqnf71
- Grant:
- MR/W02067X/1
- MC_PC_19055
+ National Institute for Health and Care Research
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- Funder identifier:
- https://ror.org/0187kwz08
- Grant:
- COVID-19-RECPLAS
- NIHR300791
- Publisher:
- American Association for the Advancement of Science
- Journal:
- Science Immunology More from this journal
- Volume:
- 10
- Issue:
- 110
- Article number:
- eadu4610
- Publication date:
- 2025-08-29
- Acceptance date:
- 2025-08-07
- DOI:
- EISSN:
-
2470-9468
- Pmid:
-
40880518
- Language:
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English
- Keywords:
-
- Pubs id:
-
2284843
- Local pid:
-
pubs:2284843
- Deposit date:
-
2025-10-05
- ARK identifier:
Terms of use
- Copyright holder:
- Murray et al.
- Copyright date:
- 2025
- Rights statement:
- Copyright © 2025 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works.
- Notes:
- This is the accepted manuscript version of the article. The final version is available online from American Association for the Advancement of Science at https://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciimmunol.adu4610
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