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Journal article : Review

Designing a circular carbon and plastics economy for a sustainable future

Abstract:
The linear production and consumption of plastics today is unsustainable. It creates large amounts of unnecessary and mismanaged waste, pollution and carbon dioxide emissions, undermining global climate targets and the Sustainable Development Goals. This Perspective provides an integrated technological, economic and legal view on how to deliver a circular carbon and plastics economy that minimizes carbon dioxide emissions. Different pathways that maximize recirculation of carbon (dioxide) between plastics waste and feedstocks are outlined, including mechanical, chemical and biological recycling, and those involving the use of biomass and carbon dioxide. Four future scenarios are described, only one of which achieves sufficient greenhouse gas savings in line with global climate targets. Such a bold system change requires 50% reduction in future plastic demand, complete phase-out of fossil-derived plastics, 95% recycling rates of retrievable plastics and use of renewable energy. It is hard to overstate the challenge of achieving this goal. We therefore present a roadmap outlining the scale and timing of the economic and legal interventions that could possibly support this. Assessing the service lifespan and recoverability of plastic products, along with considerations of sufficiency and smart design, can moreover provide design principles to guide future manufacturing, use and disposal of plastics.
Publication status:
Published
Peer review status:
Peer reviewed

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Files:
Publisher copy:
10.1038/s41586-023-06939-z

Authors


More by this author
Institution:
University of Oxford
Division:
MPLS
Department:
Chemistry
Role:
Author
ORCID:
0000-0002-3027-768X
More by this author
Institution:
University of Oxford
Division:
MPLS
Department:
Chemistry
Role:
Author
ORCID:
0000-0002-4543-6794
More by this author
Institution:
University of Oxford
Division:
MPLS
Department:
Chemistry
Sub department:
Inorganic Chemistry
Role:
Author
ORCID:
0000-0002-8045-2060
More by this author
Institution:
University of Oxford
Division:
SSD
Department:
SOGE
Sub department:
Smith School
Role:
Author
ORCID:
0000-0003-0614-6556
More by this author
Institution:
University of Oxford
Division:
SSD
Department:
SOGE
Sub department:
Smith School
Role:
Author


Publisher:
Springer Nature
Journal:
Nature More from this journal
Volume:
626
Issue:
7997
Pages:
45-57
Place of publication:
England
Publication date:
2024-01-31
Acceptance date:
2023-12-05
DOI:
EISSN:
1476-4687
ISSN:
0028-0836
Pmid:
38297170


Language:
English
Keywords:
Subtype:
Review
Pubs id:
1611338
Local pid:
pubs:1611338
Deposit date:
2024-02-06

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