Journal article
A case for an oral cavity based respiratory rate sensor system
- Abstract:
- Respiratory rate has been identified as a promising metric for field-based sports monitoring. While respiratory metrics, such as minute ventilation are commonly used in lab-based metabolic tests, they have yet to be implemented in contact sports which encounter physical impact. This letter proposes that breathing can be captured on-field via acoustic sensors embedded inside existing sports gear. Two suitable locations for such a system have been identified, either as a smart mouthguard or an instrumented headgear. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at these placements and their potential for respiratory rate estimation will be compared in this letter. Four participants were recruited, and respiratory data were captured in both indoor and outdoor settings. A fast Fourier transform (FFT)-based frequency domain analysis was used to estimate the respiratory rate and determine the breathing rate accuracy. A Wilcoxon signed-rank test was carried out to compare the datasets from the two sensor placements. It was found that the SNR of the oral placement is significantly better than the head placement for both indoor and outdoor settings (indoor: P=5.73×10−7,z=5 ; outdoor: P=2.12×10−7,z=5.19 ). It was also found that the oral placement had a significantly smaller error compared to the head location when predicting respiratory rate (indoor: P=1.72×10−6,z=−4.78 ; outdoor: P=1.06×10−7,z=5.32 ). In addition, a convolutional neural network-based classifier was trained to clean up any nonrespiratory sounds from recorded audio, which subsequently achieved a 90% test accuracy. This shows a promising result for demonstrating the viability of a fully automated oral-based respiratory rate monitoring system.
- Publication status:
- Published
- Peer review status:
- Peer reviewed
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- Files:
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(Preview, Accepted manuscript, pdf, 768.8KB, Terms of use)
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- Publisher copy:
- 10.1109/LSENS.2023.3252373
Authors
- Publisher:
- IEEE
- Journal:
- IEEE Sensors Letters More from this journal
- Volume:
- 7
- Issue:
- 3
- Article number:
- 5501204
- Publication date:
- 2023-03-13
- Acceptance date:
- 2023-02-25
- DOI:
- ISSN:
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2475-1472
- Language:
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English
- Keywords:
- Pubs id:
-
1330945
- Local pid:
-
pubs:1330945
- Deposit date:
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2023-03-01
- ARK identifier:
Terms of use
- Copyright holder:
- IEEE
- Copyright date:
- 2023
- Rights statement:
- © 2023 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.
- Notes:
-
This is the accepted manuscript version of the article. The final version is available from IEEE at: 10.1109/LSENS.2023.3252373
This work is related to the thesis On-field respiratory monitoring techniques to track performance and exertion of team-sports athletes.
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