Visuality of the Invisible: The Image of Medjed in Sources of the 21st Dynasty

Journal article

This paper discusses iconographic features of the deity or “demon” Medjed (Mḏd). The specific and unusual image of this character is only found during the 21st Dynasty and is unknown in the funerary art of the New Kingdom and Late Period. Only oneYe coffin and nine papyri are known in which the image of Medjed is depicted. Eight are in the context of Spell 17 of the Book of the Dead. In the text of Spell 17, Medjed is described in lines 71–72 of Grapow’s Urk. V Abschnitt 24. The “invisibility” of this “demon” is evidently the reason for his unusual iconography: Medjed has a conical shaped body, with human legs. Although he does not have a true head, his eyes are indicated, and he wears a belt. Equally the deity could be depicted as a figure covered entirely in a conical cover except for the eyes and feet, which are visible. This curious treatment can be understood as an attempt by Egyptian artists to depict an invisible being.

Authors: Tarasenko, M

• Publication status: Published
• Peer review status: Peer reviewed
• Publisher: MDPI
• Journal: Arts
• Volume: 14
• Issue: 4
• Article number: 87
• Publication date: 2025-08-06
• Acceptance date: 2025-07-29
• DOI: 10.3390/arts14040087
• EISSN: 2076-0752
• Language: English
• Keywords: Book of the Dead; Medjed; iconography; vignettes; 21st Dynasty; invisibility