Molecular-Signaling Pathways of Ginsenosides Rb in Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: A Mini Review

Journal article

Reperfusion injury following myocardial ischemia remained a challenge for optimal treatment of myocardial infarction. Ginsenosides Rb (G-Rb), the primary components of ginsenoside, have been reported to exert cardioprotective effects via numerous mechanisms. G-Rb1 mediate cardioprotective effects via various signaling pathways, including mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, HIF-1α and GRF91, RhoA, p38α MAPK, and eNOS. G-Rb2 activates the SIRT-1 pathway, while G-Rb3 promotes both JNK-mediated NF-κB and PERK/Nrf2/HMOX1. Generally, ginsenosides Rb1, 2, and 3 modulates oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis, contributing to the improvement of structural, functional and biochemical parameters. In conclusion, G-Rb, particularly G-Rb1, have vast potential as a supplement in attenuating reperfusion injury. Translation into a clinical trial is warranted to confirm the beneficial effects of G-Rb.

Authors: Ramli, FF; Ali, A; Ibrahim, NI

• Publication status: Published
• Peer review status: Peer reviewed
• Publisher: Ivyspring International Publisher
• Journal: International Journal of Medical Sciences
• Volume: 19
• Issue: 1
• Pages: 65-73
• Publication date: 2021-12-15
• DOI: 10.7150/ijms.64984
• EISSN: 1449-1907
• ISSN: 1449-1907
• Language: English
• Keywords: p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases; Nitric oxide synthase; PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway; Pathology; Oxidative stress; Enos; Pharmacology; MAPK/ERK pathway; Ginseng; Biochemistry; Signal transduction; Protein kinase B; Medicine; Reperfusion injury; Biology; Apoptosis; Chemistry; Cell biology; Nitric oxide; Cardioprotection; Ischemia; Internal medicine; Myocardial infarction