Flexible switch matrix addressable electrode arrays with organic electrochemical transistor and pn diode technology

Journal article

Due to their effective ionic-to-electronic signal conversion and mechanical flexibility, organic neural implants hold considerable promise for biocompatible neural interfaces. Current approaches are, however, primarily limited to passive electrodes due to a lack of circuit components to realize complex active circuits at the front-end. Here, we introduce a p-n organic electrochemical diode using complementary p- and n-type conducting polymer films embedded in a 15-μm -diameter vertical stack. Leveraging the efficient motion of encapsulated cations inside this polymer stack and the opposite doping mechanisms of the constituent polymers, we demonstrate high current rectification ratios ( ) and fast switching speeds (230 μs). We integrate p-n organic electrochemical diodes with organic electrochemical transistors in the front-end pixel of a recording array. This configuration facilitates the access of organic electrochemical transistor output currents within a large network operating in the same electrolyte, while minimizing crosstalk from neighboring elements due to minimized reverse-biased leakage. Furthermore, we use these devices to fabricate time-division-multiplexed amplifier arrays. Lastly, we show that, when fabricated in a shank format, this technology enables the multiplexing of amplified local field potentials directly in the active recording pixel (26-μm diameter) in a minimally invasive form factor with shank cross-sectional dimensions of only 50×8This work was supported in part by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) under Contract N66001-17-C-4002 and by the National Institutes of Health under Grants U01NS099726 and U01NS099697 (K.L.S.). This work was performed in part at the Columbia Nano Initiative and part at the CUNY Advanced Science Research Center Nanofabrication Facility. This work is partially supported by King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Research Funding under Award No. ORA-2021-CRG10-4650 (S.I.)

Authors: Uguz, I; Ohayon, D; Arslan, V; Sheelamanthula, R; Griggs, S

• Publication status: Published
• Peer review status: Peer reviewed
• Publisher: Nature Research
• Journal: Nature Communications
• Volume: 15
• Issue: 1
• Pages: 533-533
• Article number: 533
• Publication date: 2024-01-15
• DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44024-1
• EISSN: 2041-1723
• ISSN: 2041-1723
• Language: English
• Keywords: Nanotechnology; Electrode; Diode; Optoelectronics; Voltage; Matrix (chemical analysis); Chemistry; Materials science; Electrochemistry; Electrical engineering; Transistor; Engineering