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Change in early respiratory management of infants born at less than 30 weeks’ gestation in England and Wales: an observational cohort study

Abstract:
Objective
To describe changes in early respiratory support for infants born at <30 weeks' gestational age (GA) in England and Wales.
Design
Retrospective cohort study using data from the National Neonatal Research Database of all infants born at <30 weeks GA, admitted to neonatal units in England and Wales from 2016 to 2021. 
Main outcome measures
Methods of respiratory support used in the delivery room and days 1 and 7 of care were determined. Success of the initial non-invasive respiratory support strategy was assessed by any use of mechanical ventilation in the first 7 days of care.
Results
24 107 babies were included. Use of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) as the highest method of respiratory support for stabilisation increased during the study period (CPAP: 17.3% to 28.8%; HFNC: 0% (first recorded in 2016) to 0.7%). CPAP use increased in the most preterm (<25 weeks GA; 0.7% to 4.8%), the extremely preterm (<28 weeks GA; 7.2% to 17.5%) and the very preterm (28-29 weeks GA; 29.3% to 44.1%) cohorts. Among those initially stabilised with non-invasive ventilation in this study, 2763 (48.0%) infants required mechanical ventilation in the first week.
Conclusions
In England and Wales, use of non-invasive respiratory support for initial stabilisation has increased among babies born at <30 weeks GA. 48% of those stabilised with non-invasive ventilation required mechanical ventilation in the first week. A higher quality evidence base for interventions that reduce mechanical ventilation could improve respiratory management in this population.
Publication status:
Published
Peer review status:
Peer reviewed

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Files:
Publisher copy:
10.1136/archdischild-2025-329495

Authors

More by this author
Institution:
University of Oxford
Division:
MSD
Department:
Women's & Reproductive Health
Sub department:
NPEU
Role:
Author
More by this author
Institution:
University of Oxford
Division:
MSD
Department:
Women's & Reproductive Health
Sub department:
NPEU
Role:
Author
ORCID:
0000-0002-1984-4575
More by this author
Institution:
University of Oxford
Division:
MSD
Department:
Nuffield Department of Population Health
Sub department:
NPEU
Oxford college:
Green Templeton College
Role:
Author
ORCID:
0000-0001-7965-4637


More from this funder
Funder identifier:
https://ror.org/015ah0c92
Grant:
NIHR303806


Publisher:
BMJ Publishing Group
Journal:
Archives of Disease in Childhood. Fetal and Neonatal Edition More from this journal
Volume:
0
Pages:
F1–F6
Place of publication:
England
Publication date:
2026-03-04
Acceptance date:
2026-01-14
DOI:
EISSN:
1468-2052
ISSN:
1359-2998
Pmid:
41781202


Language:
English
Pubs id:
2385401
Local pid:
pubs:2385401
Source identifiers:
W7133556561
Deposit date:
2026-03-26
ARK identifier:

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