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Journal article

Booster vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 induces potent immune responses in people with human immunodeficiency virus

Abstract:

Background

People with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) with good CD4 T-cell counts make effective immune responses following vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). There are few data on longer term responses and the impact of a booster dose.

Methods

Adults with HIV were enrolled into a single arm open label study. Two doses of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 were followed 12 months later by a third heterologous vaccine dose. Participants had undetectable viraemia on ART and CD4 counts >350 cells/µL. Immune responses to the ancestral strain and variants of concern were measured by anti-spike immunoglobulin G (IgG) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), MesoScale Discovery (MSD) anti-spike platform, ACE-2 inhibition, activation induced marker (AIM) assay, and T-cell proliferation.

Findings

In total, 54 participants received 2 doses of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19. 43 received a third dose (42 with BNT162b2; 1 with mRNA-1273) 1 year after the first dose. After the third dose, total anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike IgG titers (MSD), ACE-2 inhibition, and IgG ELISA results were significantly higher compared to Day 182 titers (P < .0001 for all 3). SARS-CoV-2 specific CD4+ T-cell responses measured by AIM against SARS-CoV-2 S1 and S2 peptide pools were significantly increased after a third vaccine compared to 6 months after a first dose, with significant increases in proliferative CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 S1 and S2 after boosting. Responses to Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta variants were boosted, although to a lesser extent for Omicron.

Conclusions

In PWH receiving a third vaccine dose, there were significant increases in B- and T-cell immunity, including to known variants of concern (VOCs).
Publication status:
Published
Peer review status:
Peer reviewed

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Publisher copy:
10.1093/cid/ciac796

Authors


More by this author
Role:
Author
ORCID:
0000-0003-1676-7583
More by this author
Role:
Author
ORCID:
0000-0002-0583-8019
More by this author
Institution:
University of Oxford
Division:
MSD
Department:
NDM
Sub department:
Human Genetics Wt Centre
Role:
Author
ORCID:
0000-0001-5026-431X


Publisher:
Oxford University Press
Journal:
Clinical Infectious Diseases More from this journal
Volume:
76
Issue:
2
Pages:
201-209
Place of publication:
United States
Publication date:
2022-10-05
Acceptance date:
2022-08-31
DOI:
EISSN:
1537-6591
ISSN:
1058-4838
Pmid:
36196614


Language:
English
Keywords:
Pubs id:
1281618
Local pid:
pubs:1281618
Deposit date:
2023-07-06

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