Emergent strong zero mode through local Floquet engineering

Journal article

Periodically driven quantum systems host exotic phenomena that often do not have any analog in undriven systems. Floquet prethermalization and dynamical freezing of certain observables, via the emergence of conservation laws, are realized by controlling the drive frequency. Recent experimental developments in synthetic quantum matter, such as superconducting qubits and cold atoms, have opened avenues for implementing local Floquet engineering which can achieve spatially modulated quantum control of states. Here, we uncover the novel memory effects of local periodic driving in a nonintegrable spin-half staggered Heisenberg chain. For a boundary-driven protocol at the dynamical freezing frequency, we show the formation of an approximate strong zero mode, a prethermal quasilocal operator, due to the emergence of a discrete global Z₂ symmetry. This is captured by constructing an accurate effective Floquet Hamiltonian using a higher-order partially resummed Floquet-Magnus expansion. The lifetime of the boundary spin can be exponentially enhanced by enlarging the set of suitably chosen driven sites. We demonstrate that in the asymptotic limit, achieved by increasing the number of driven sites, a strong zero mode emerges, where the lifetime of the boundary spin grows exponentially with system size. The nonlocal processes in the Floquet Hamiltonian play a pivotal role in the total freezing of the boundary spin in the thermodynamic limit. The novel dynamics of the boundary spin is accompanied by a rich structure of entanglement in the Floquet eigenstates where specific bipartitions yield an area-law scaling while the entanglement for random bipartitions scales as a volume-law. Our work addresses the long-standing question of the existence of a strong zero mode in a nonintegrable model and elucidates the complex nature of thermalization in locally driven systems.

Authors: Mukherjee, B; Melendrez, R; Szyniszewski, M; Changlani, HJ; Pal, A

• Publication status: Published
• Peer review status: Peer reviewed
• Publisher: American Physical Society
• Journal: Physical Review B
• Volume: 109
• Issue: 6
• Article number: 064303
• Publication date: 2024-02-08
• Acceptance date: 2024-01-02
• DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.109.064303
• EISSN: 2469-9969
• ISSN: 2469-9950
• Language: English