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Journal article : Review

The immunology underlying CNS autoantibody diseases

Abstract:
The past two decades have seen a considerable paradigm shift in the way autoimmune CNS disorders are considered, diagnosed, and treated; largely due to the discovery of novel autoantibodies directed at neuroglial surface or intracellular targets. This approach has enabled multiple bona fide CNS autoantibody-associated diseases to thoroughly infiltrate the sphere of clinical neurology, facilitating advances in patient outcomes. This review focusses on the fundamental immunological concepts behind CNS autoantibody-associated diseases. First, we briefly review the broad phenotypic profiles of these conditions. Next, we explore concepts around immune checkpoints and the related B cell lineage. Thirdly, the sources of autoantibody production are discussed alongside triggers of tolerance failure, including neoplasms, infections and iatrogenic therapies. Penultimately, the role of T cells and leucocyte trafficking into the CNS are reviewed. Finally, biological insights from responses to targeted immunotherapies in different CNS autoantibody-associated diseases are summarised. The continued and rapid expansion of the CNS autoantibody-associated field holds promise for further improved diagnostic and therapeutic paradigms, ultimately leading to further improvements in patient outcomes.
Publication status:
Published
Peer review status:
Peer reviewed

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Files:
Publisher copy:
10.1016/j.neurol.2024.07.002

Authors


More by this author
Institution:
University of Oxford
Division:
MSD
Department:
Clinical Neurosciences
Research group:
Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group
Role:
Author
More by this author
Institution:
University of Oxford
Division:
MSD
Department:
Clinical Neurosciences
Research group:
Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group
Role:
Author
More by this author
Institution:
University of Oxford
Division:
MSD
Department:
Clinical Neurosciences
Research group:
Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group
Role:
Author
More by this author
Institution:
University of Oxford
Division:
MSD
Department:
Clinical Neurosciences
Research group:
Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group
Role:
Author
ORCID:
0000-0001-8385-6346
More by this author
Institution:
University of Oxford
Division:
MSD
Department:
Clinical Neurosciences
Research group:
Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group
Oxford college:
Corpus Christi College
Role:
Author
ORCID:
0000-0002-7667-9748


More from this funder
Funder identifier:
https://ror.org/029chgv08
Grant:
104079/Z/14/Z
More from this funder
Funder identifier:
https://ror.org/03x94j517
Grant:
MR/V007173/1
MR/X022013/1
More from this funder
Funder identifier:
https://ror.org/0187kwz08
Grant:
MR/X022013/1


Publisher:
Elsevier
Journal:
Revue Neurologique More from this journal
Volume:
180
Issue:
9
Pages:
916-930
Place of publication:
France
Publication date:
2024-09-16
Acceptance date:
2024-07-29
DOI:
EISSN:
2213-0004
ISSN:
0035-3787
Pmid:
39289136


Language:
English
Keywords:
Subtype:
Review
Pubs id:
2031067
Local pid:
pubs:2031067
Deposit date:
2024-12-10

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