Immune mechanisms of granuloma formation in sarcoidosis and tuberculosis

Journal article

Cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) is a multifaceted inflammatory disease that affects the heart, leading to complications such as arrhythmias, heart failure, and sudden cardiac death. Endomyocardial biopsy is the diagnostic gold standard, but its low sensitivity and risks limit its utility. Imaging modalities, such as cardiac magnetic resonance and positron emission tomography, are critical for diagnosing and managing CS. Additionally, CS treatment primarily involves corticosteroids and immunosuppressive agents to reduce inflammation and control disease progression, although biologics such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) inhibitors are considered in refractory or steroid-dependent cases. This narrative review revises the existing knowledge on the diagnosis and treatment of CS, providing a comprehensive overview of current strategies

Authors: Weeratunga, P; Moller, DR; Ho, L-P

• Publication status: Published
• Peer review status: Peer reviewed
• Publisher: American Society for Clinical Investigation
• Journal: The Journal of Clinical Investigation
• Volume: 134
• Issue: 1
• Pages: e175264
• Article number: e175264
• Publication date: 2024-01-02
• DOI: 10.1172/jci175264
• EISSN: 1558-8238
• ISSN: 0021-9738
• Language: English
• Keywords: Sarcoidosis; Acquired immune system; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Innate immune system; Immunology; Immune system; Disease; Tuberculosis; Granuloma; Medicine; Biology; Pathology