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Journal article : Review

A systematic review of STEM teacher recruitment and retention interventions

Abstract:
The worldwide problem of teacher recruitment and retention is particularly pronounced in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) subjects, due in part to a lack of trainee teachers and to high rates of attrition. The teacher shortage has resulted in non-specialist teachers teaching STEM subjects and is likely to have a negative effect on the next generation of STEM students and STEM teachers. Numerous studies have outlined, and in some cases evaluated, recruitment and retention interventions, but to our knowledge a comprehensive review of interventions specifically aimed at recruiting STEM teachers has not yet been done. We reviewed 25 studies (9 recruitment, 11 retention, 5 both). Most interventions were financial (13/25), others included teacher education and alternative pathways. We evaluated study quality and the method each study used to assess intervention effectiveness. Financial incentives do not appear effective for recruitment despite being the most common incentive. Financial incentives seem to be more effective for retention; 3/9 higher quality studies found positive results. Findings for the other types of intervention were mixed and due to low design quality, not compelling. Our findings suggest that financial incentives might be effective for retention. Further research is needed to determine what interventions work for recruitment as the most common, financial incentives, do not appear effective. Studies investigating the efficacy of interventions need to be more rigorous with large sample sizes, comparison groups, and ideally randomised-control trials. There is also room for innovation as we did not find much evidence of novel intervention types.
Publication status:
Published
Peer review status:
Peer reviewed

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Publisher copy:
10.1186/s40594-025-00550-6

Authors

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Institution:
University of Oxford
Division:
SSD
Department:
Education
Role:
Author
ORCID:
0000-0002-6537-9555
More by this author
Institution:
University of Oxford
Division:
SSD
Department:
Education
Role:
Author
ORCID:
0000-0002-1127-5777


Publisher:
Springer Nature
Journal:
International Journal of STEM Education More from this journal
Volume:
12
Issue:
1
Article number:
33
Publication date:
2025-07-01
Acceptance date:
2025-05-22
DOI:
EISSN:
2196-7822


Language:
English
Keywords:
Subtype:
Review
Pubs id:
2124824
Local pid:
pubs:2124824
Deposit date:
2025-05-18
ARK identifier:

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