Journal article icon

Journal article

Evaluating a clinical decision support tool for cancer risk assessment in primary care: simulation study of unintended weight loss

Abstract:

Background: Early cancer detection is crucial, but recognizing the significance of associated symptoms such as unintended weight loss in primary care remains challenging. Clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) can aid cancer detection but face implementation barriers and low uptake in real-world settings. To address these issues, simulation environments offer a controlled setting to study CDSS usage and improve their design for better adoption in clinical practice.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate a CDSS integrated within general practice electronic health records aimed at identifying patients at risk of undiagnosed cancer.

Methods:The evaluation of a CDSS to identify patients with unintended weight loss was conducted in a simulated primary care environment where general practitioners (GPs) interacted with the CDSS in simulated clinical consultations. There were four possible clinical scenarios based on patient gender and risk of cancer. Data collection included interviews with GPs, cancer survivors (lived-experience community advocates), and patient actors, as well as video analysis of GP–CDSS interactions. Two theoretical frameworks were employed for thematic interpretation of the data.

Results: We recruited 10 GPs and 6 community advocates, conducting 20 simulated consultations with 2 patient actors (2 consultations per GP: 1 high-risk consultation and 1 low-risk consultation). All participants found the CDSS acceptable and unobtrusive. GPs utilized CDSS recommendations in three distinct ways: as a communication aid when discussing follow-up with the patient, as a reminder for differential diagnoses and recommended investigations, and as an aid to diagnostic decision-making without sharing with patients. The CDSS’s impact on patient–doctor communication varied, facilitating and hindering interactions depending on the GP’s communication style.

Conclusions: We developed and evaluated a CDSS for identifying cancer risk in patients with unintended weight loss in a simulated environment, revealing its potential to aid clinical decision-making and communication while highlighting implementation challenges and the need for context-sensitive application.

Publication status:
Published
Peer review status:
Peer reviewed

Actions

Access Document

Publisher copy:
10.2196/79208

Authors

More by this author
Role:
Author
ORCID:
0000-0002-2493-9974
More by this author
Role:
Author
ORCID:
0000-0003-1746-5851
More by this author
Role:
Author
ORCID:
0000-0002-6516-9574
More by this author
Role:
Author
ORCID:
0000-0003-1007-1382
More by this author
Role:
Author
ORCID:
0000-0002-1268-3166


Publisher:
JMIR Publications
Journal:
JMIR Formative Research More from this journal
Volume:
9
Article number:
e79208
Publication date:
2025-12-10
Acceptance date:
2025-11-03
DOI:
EISSN:
2561-326X
Pmid:
41370791

Terms of use


Views and Downloads






If you are the owner of this record, you can report an update to it here: Report update to this record

TO TOP