Journal article

Wave-induced overturning moments, moment arms, and associated forces on monopile foundations

Abstract:: Accurate prediction of wave-induced overturning moments is important for the safe and economical design of monopile foundations for offshore wind turbines. In this study, harmonic-specific moment arms are derived from depth integrals of the inertia force contribution up to the still-water level, yielding closed-form expressions for the effective moment arm associated with each force harmonic. These expressions are assessed against OpenFOAM simulations in an inertia-dominated regime. The results show that the inertia-based formulation, combined with modest harmonic-dependent corrections, reproduces the total overturning moment with high accuracy. Although the present validation uses simulated force harmonics, the same framework can be combined directly with higher-order Stokes-type force models for engineering applications.

Publication status:: Published

Peer review status:: Peer reviewed

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APA Style

Hlophe, T., Adcock, T. A. A., Ding, H., Zang, J., & Taylor, P. H. (2026). Wave-induced overturning moments, moment arms, and associated forces on monopile foundations. Coastal Engineering: An International Journal for Coastal, Harbour and Offshore Engineers, 210.

MLA Style

Hlophe, T, et al. “Wave-Induced Overturning Moments, Moment Arms, and Associated Forces on Monopile Foundations.” Coastal Engineering: An International Journal for Coastal, Harbour and Offshore Engineers, vol. 210, 2026.

Chicago Style

Hlophe, T, TAA Adcock, H Ding, J Zang, and PH Taylor. 2026. “Wave-Induced Overturning Moments, Moment Arms, and Associated Forces on Monopile Foundations.” Coastal Engineering: An International Journal for Coastal, Harbour and Offshore Engineers 210.
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Files:: Hlophe_et_al_2026_Wave-induced_overturning_moments.pdf

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Publisher copy:: 10.1016/j.coastaleng.2026.105055

Authors

+ Hlophe, T More by this author

Institution:: University of Oxford
Division:: MPLS
Department:: Engineering Science
Role:: Author

+ Adcock, TAA More by this author

Institution:: University of Oxford
Division:: MPLS
Department:: Engineering Science
Oxford college:: St Peter's College
Role:: Author
ORCID:: 0000-0001-7556-1193

+ Ding, H More by this author

Role:: Author

+ Zang, J More by this author

Role:: Author

+ Taylor, PH More by this author

Role:: Author

+ Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council More from this funder

Funder identifier:: https://ror.org/0439y7842
Grant:: EP/V050079/1; EP/X035751/1

Publisher:: Elsevier
Journal:: Coastal Engineering: An International Journal for Coastal, Harbour and Offshore Engineers More from this journal
Volume:: 210
Article number:: 105055
Publication date:: 2026-05-18
Acceptance date:: 2026-05-12
DOI:: 10.1016/j.coastaleng.2026.105055
EISSN:: 1872-7379
ISSN:: 0378-3839

Language:: English
Keywords:: wave-induced moments

monopile foundations

offshore wind

higher-order harmonics

CFD validation
Pubs id:: 2419692
Local pid:: pubs:2419692
Deposit date:: 2026-05-14
ARK identifier:: ark:/29072/ora_d0158f4bcdf84c6387ed46861430c3e8

Terms of use

Copyright holder:: Hlophe et al.
Copyright date:: 2026
Rights statement:: © 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

Licence:: CC Attribution (CC BY)

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