Interleukin-10 autoantibodies and HLA-DRB1*01:03 in inflammatory bowel disease

Journal article

BACKGROUND: Neutralizing autoantibodies against interleukin-10 can result in a phenocopy of monogenic defects of interleukin-10 signaling in children and may be associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The allele HLA-DRB1*01:03 is the strongest genetic risk factor for ulcerative colitis.

METHODS: We used a cellular interleukin-10 reporter assay and a confirmatory competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to assess neutralizing interleukin-10 autoantibodies in serum samples obtained from patients with IBD in the Oxford and U.K. IBD BioResource cohorts and from persons without IBD (controls). An in vitro cytokine-release bioassay was performed in a subgroup of patients to assess interleukin-10, interleukin-23, interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor, and interleukin-6. We performed HLA association analysis using imputation and high-resolution sequencing.

RESULTS: Interleukin-10-neutralizing autoantibodies were detected in 173 of 4909 patients with IBD (3.5%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.0 to 4.1) and in none of 1006 controls (P<0.001). High anti-interleukin-10 activity in serum was associated with a reduction in detectable interleukin-10 and with an exaggerated proinflammatory cytokine response, consistent with functional neutralization of interleukin-10 signaling. Anti-interleukin-10 seropositivity was strongly associated with HLA-DRB1*01:03 on the basis of imputed data from the Oxford cohort (odds ratio, 50.0; 95% CI, 16.4 to 152.3; P = 6.14×10^-12) and the U.K. IBD BioResource cohort (odds ratio, 24.7; 95% CI, 14.5 to 42.1; P = 6.20×10^-32) and in a high-resolution sequencing analysis of data from the Oxford cohort (odds ratio, 29.5; 95% CI, 12.2 to 71.1; P = 4.85×10^-14).

CONCLUSIONS: Neutralizing interleukin-10 autoantibodies were present in a subgroup of patients with IBD and were strongly associated with HLA-DRB1*01:03. (Funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research and others.).

Authors: Gharahdaghi, N; Yeh, P-J; Ceron-Gutierrez, L; Griffin, H; Gordon, H

• Publication status: Published
• Peer review status: Peer reviewed
• Publisher: Massachusetts Medical Society
• Journal: New England Journal of Medicine
• Volume: 394
• Issue: 22
• Pages: 2212-2222
• Publication date: 2026-06-10
• DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2513654
• EISSN: 1533-4406
• ISSN: 0028-4793
• Pmid: 42269151
• Language: English
• Keywords: inflammatory bowel disease; oral and gastrointestinal; prevention; digestive diseases; Crohn's Disease; genetics; autoimmune disease