Gender equality, growth, and how a technological trap destroyed female work

Working paper

Development economists have long studied the relationship between gender equality and economic growth. More recently economic historians have taken an overdue interest. We sketch the pathways within the development literature that have been hypothesised as linking equality for women to rising incomes and the reverse channels, from higher incomes to equality. We describe how the European Marriage Pattern literature applies these mechanisms, and we highlight problems with the claimed link between equality and growth. We then explain how a crucial example of technological unemployment for women—the destruction of hand spinning during the British Industrial Revolution—contributed to the emergence of the male breadwinner family. We show how this family structure created household relationships that play into the development pathways, and outline its persistent effects into the 21st century.

Authors: Humphries, J; Schneider, B

• Publication status: Published
• Publisher: University of Oxford
• Article number: 191
• Series: Oxford Economic and Social History Working Papers
• Publication date: 2021-05-12
• Paper number: 191
• Language: English
• Keywords: gender equality; development economics; technological unemployment; family structure