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Journal article : Review

Mental imagery of the self in body dysmorphic disorder: a mixed‐methods systematic review

Abstract:
Mental imagery has been identified as a key feature of the onset, maintenance and treatment of psychological disorders. Research on the role of mental imagery in body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), a condition hallmarked by negative sensory appraisals of the self, has been increasingly recognised in theoretical perspectives and psychological interventions. However, the scope and implications of this work have not yet been reviewed. This systematic review sought to identify the characteristics and proposed mechanisms of imagery in BDD, synthesising qualitative and quantitative data using Meta‐Integration. Quality was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Thirty‐seven studies were identified among 33 publications. Study quality was mixed with significant methodological heterogeneity. Mental imagery in BDD is consistently reported to be vivid, emotionally intense, recurrent and important in the maintenance and potentially the onset of BDD. These findings concur with theoretical frameworks of BDD (and other related conditions) which highlight the causal role of imagery and encourage the use of imagery‐based interventions. Crucial areas for future work include stronger causal tests, unpacking mechanisms, attention to individual differences and intersectionality and exploring the potential for imagery‐based approaches for innovations in treatment and prevention across the lifespan, particularly in adolescence when BDD first develops.
Publication status:
Published
Peer review status:
Peer reviewed

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Publisher copy:
10.1002/cpp.70229

Authors

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Institution:
University of Oxford
Division:
MSD
Department:
Experimental Psychology
Role:
Author
ORCID:
0009-0006-3106-1502
More by this author
Institution:
University of Oxford
Division:
MSD
Department:
Experimental Psychology
Role:
Author
ORCID:
0000-0003-4400-0320
More by this author
Role:
Author
ORCID:
0000-0002-1717-4766
More by this author
Institution:
University of Oxford
Division:
MSD
Department:
Experimental Psychology
Role:
Author
ORCID:
0000-0001-6763-6028
More by this author
Institution:
University of Oxford
Division:
MSD
Department:
Experimental Psychology
Role:
Author
ORCID:
0000-0001-5055-8617


More from this funder
Funder identifier:
https://ror.org/03x94j517
Grant:
MR/Y009460/1
Programme:
Medical Research Council Clinician Scientist Fellowship


Publisher:
Wiley
Journal:
Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy More from this journal
Volume:
33
Issue:
1
Article number:
e70229
Publication date:
2026-02-15
Acceptance date:
2026-01-13
DOI:
EISSN:
1099-0879
ISSN:
1063-3995


Language:
English
Keywords:
Subtype:
Review
Source identifiers:
3762565
Deposit date:
2026-02-16
ARK identifier:

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