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Tuberculosis in Ukrainian war refugees and migrants in the Czech Republic and Slovakia: a molecular epidemiological study

Abstract:

Background: The war in Ukraine has led to significant migration to neighboring countries, raising public health concerns. Notable tuberculosis (TB) incidence rates in Ukraine emphasize the immediate requirement to prioritize approaches that interrupt the spread and prevent new infections.

Methods: We conducted a prospective genomic surveillance study to assess migration's impact on TB epidemiology in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from Ukrainian war refugees and migrants, collected from September 2021 to December 2022 were analyzed alongside 1574 isolates obtained from Ukraine, the Czech Republic, and Slovakia.

Results: Our study revealed alarming results, with historically the highest number of Ukrainian tuberculosis patients detected in the host countries. The increasing number of cases of multidrug-resistant TB, significantly linked with Beijing lineage 2.2.1 (p < 0.0001), also presents substantial obstacles to control endeavors. The genomic analysis identified the three highly related genomic clusters, indicating the recent TB transmission among migrant populations. The largest clusters comprised war refugees diagnosed in the Czech Republic, TB patients from various regions of Ukraine, and incarcerated individuals diagnosed with pulmonary TB specialized facility in the Kharkiv region, Ukraine, pointing to a national transmission sequence that has persisted for over 14 years.

Conclusions: The data showed that most infections were likely the result of reactivation of latent disease or exposure to TB before migration rather than recent transmission occurring within the host country. However, close monitoring, appropriate treatment, careful surveillance, and social support are crucial in mitigating future risks, though there is currently no evidence of local transmission in EU countries.

Publication status:
Published
Peer review status:
Peer reviewed

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Files:
Publisher copy:
10.1007/s44197-023-00166-5

Authors



Publisher:
Springer
Journal:
Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health More from this journal
Volume:
14
Issue:
1
Pages:
35-44
Publication date:
2023-12-04
Acceptance date:
2023-11-08
DOI:
EISSN:
2210-6014
ISSN:
2210-6006
Pmid:
38048026


Language:
English
Keywords:
Pubs id:
1578174
Local pid:
pubs:1578174
Deposit date:
2023-12-11

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