Journal article : Review
Hypoparathyroidism
- Abstract:
- Hypoparathyroidism is a disease characterized by inadequately low circulating concentrations of parathyroid hormone (PTH) resulting in low calcium levels and increased phosphate levels in the blood. Symptoms of the disease result from increased neuromuscular irritability caused by hypocalcaemia and include tingling, muscle cramps and seizures. The most common cause of the disease is inadvertent removal of, or injury to, the parathyroid glands during neck surgery, followed by genetic, idiopathic and autoimmune aetiologies. Conventional treatment includes activated vitamin D and/or calcium supplements, but this treatment does not fully replace the functions of PTH and can lead to short-term problems (such as hypocalcaemia, hypercalcaemia and increased urinary calcium excretion) and long-term complications (which include nephrocalcinosis, kidney stones and brain calcifications). PTH replacement has emerged as a new treatment option. Clinical trials using human PTH(1–34) and PTH(1–84) showed that this treatment was safe and effective in studies lasting up to 6 years. Recombinant human PTH(1–84) has been approved in the United States and Europe for the management of hypoparathyroidism; however, its effect on long-term complications is still being evaluated. Clinical practice guidelines, which describe the consensus of experts in the field, have been published and recognize the need for more research to optimize care. In this Primer, we summarize current knowledge of the prevalence, pathophysiology, clinical presentation and management of hypoparathyroidism.
- Publication status:
- Published
- Peer review status:
- Peer reviewed
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- Files:
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(Preview, Accepted manuscript, 726.3KB, Terms of use)
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- Publisher copy:
- 10.1038/nrdp.2017.55
Authors
- Publisher:
- Springer Nature
- Journal:
- Nature Reviews Disease Primers More from this journal
- Volume:
- 3
- Issue:
- 1
- Article number:
- 17055
- Place of publication:
- England
- Publication date:
- 2017-08-31
- Acceptance date:
- 2017-07-11
- DOI:
- EISSN:
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2056-676X
- Pmid:
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28857066
- Language:
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English
- Keywords:
- Subtype:
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Review
- Pubs id:
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728663
- Local pid:
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pubs:728663
- Deposit date:
-
2021-07-15
Terms of use
- Copyright holder:
- Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature.
- Copyright date:
- 2017
- Rights statement:
- © 2017 Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature. All rights reserved.
- Notes:
-
This is the accepted manuscript version of the article. The final published version is available from Springer Nature at https://doi.org/10.1038/nrdp.2017.55
A correction to this article is available online from Springer Nature at https://doi.org/10.1038/nrdp.2017.80
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