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Bacterial pathogen deploys iminosugar galactosyrin to manipulate plant glycobiology

Abstract:
The extracellular space (apoplast) of plants is an important molecular battleground during infection by many pathogens. We previously found that a plant-secreted β-galactosidase BGAL1 acts in immunity by facilitating the release of immunogenic peptides from bacterial flagellin and that Pseudomonas syringae suppresses this enzyme by producing a small molecule inhibitor called galactosyrin. Here, we elucidated the structure and biosynthesis of galactosyrin and uncovered its multifunctional roles during infection. Structural elucidation by cryo-EM and chemical synthesis revealed that galactosyrin is an iminosugar featuring a unique geminal diol attached to the pyrrolidine moiety that mimics galactose binding to the β-galactosidase active site. Galactosyrin biosynthesis branches off from purine biosynthesis and involves three enzymes of which the first is a reductase that is unique in iminosugar biosynthesis. Besides inhibiting BGAL1 to avoid detection, galactosyrin also changes the glycoproteome and metabolome of the apoplast. The manipulation of host glycobiology may be common to plant-associated bacteria that carry putative iminosugar biosynthesis clusters.
Publication status:
Published
Peer review status:
Not peer reviewed

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Preprint server copy:
10.1101/2025.02.13.638044

Authors


More by this author
Institution:
University of Oxford
Division:
MPLS
Department:
Biology
Role:
Author
ORCID:
0000-0003-4408-8262
More by this author
Institution:
University of Oxford
Division:
MPLS
Department:
Biology
Role:
Author
ORCID:
0000-0001-5696-6777
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Role:
Author
ORCID:
0000-0003-3067-9520
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Institution:
University of Oxford
Division:
MSD
Department:
NDM
Sub department:
Centre for Human Genetics
Role:
Author
ORCID:
0000-0003-1539-6768
More by this author
Role:
Author
ORCID:
0009-0009-8857-2794


More from this funder
Funder identifier:
https://ror.org/029chgv08
Grant:
206422/Z/17/Z
203141/Z/16/Z
More from this funder
Funder identifier:
https://ror.org/0472cxd90
Grant:
101019324
More from this funder
Funder identifier:
https://ror.org/01cwqze88
Grant:
U54AI170791-7522
More from this funder
Funder identifier:
https://ror.org/00cwqg982
Grant:
BB/R017913/1
BB/T015128/1
BB/M011224/1
More from this funder
Funder identifier:
https://ror.org/05fp08r12


Preprint server:
bioRxiv
Publication date:
2025-02-14
DOI:


Language:
English
Pubs id:
2091059
Local pid:
pubs:2091059
Deposit date:
2025-04-29

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