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Eccentric black hole mergers in active galactic nuclei

Abstract:
The astrophysical origin of gravitational wave transients is a timely open question in the wake of discoveries by the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO)/Virgo. In active galactic nuclei (AGNs), binaries form and evolve efficiently by interaction with a dense population of stars and the gaseous AGN disk. Previous studies have shown that stellar-mass black hole (BH) mergers in such environments can explain the merger rate and the number of suspected hierarchical mergers observed by LIGO/Virgo. The binary eccentricity distribution can provide further information to distinguish between astrophysical models. Here we derive the eccentricity distribution of BH mergers in AGN disks. We find that eccentricity is mainly due to binary–single (BS) interactions, which lead to most BH mergers in AGN disks having a significant eccentricity at 0.01 Hz, detectable by the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna. If BS interactions occur in isotropic-3D directions, then 8%–30% of the mergers in AGN disks will have eccentricities at 10 Hz above e10 Hz ≳ 0.03, detectable by LIGO/Virgo/Kamioka Gravitational Wave Detector, while 5%–17% of mergers have e10 Hz ≥ 0.3. On the other hand, if BS interactions are confined to the AGN–disk plane due to torques from the disk, with 1–20 intermediate binary states during each interaction, or if BHs can migrate to ≲ 10−3 pc from the central supermassive BH, then 10%–70% of the mergers will be highly eccentric (e10 Hz ≥ 0.3), consistent with the possible high eccentricity in GW190521.
Publication status:
Published
Peer review status:
Peer reviewed

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Publisher copy:
10.3847/2041-8213/abd4d3

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Institution:
University of Oxford
Department:
PHYSICS
Sub department:
Theoretical Physics
Oxford college:
St Hugh's College
Role:
Author
ORCID:
0000-0002-4865-7517


Publisher:
IOP Publishing
Journal:
Astrophysical Journal Letters More from this journal
Volume:
907
Issue:
1
Article number:
L20
Publication date:
2021-01-21
Acceptance date:
2020-12-17
DOI:
EISSN:
2041-8213
ISSN:
2041-8205


Language:
English
Keywords:
Pubs id:
1140268
Local pid:
pubs:1140268
Deposit date:
2021-11-24

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