Translation and Cross‐Cultural Adaptation of the Chronic Rhinosinusitis Control Test for Global Use

Pae, HK; Xia, D; Sun, H; Chen, Y; Yi, K; Song, M; Sato, E; Abasi, AR; Ballah, J; Babarczy, A; Bertram, R; Biernacka, A; Chan, M; Civera, T; Dubinina, I; Erdener, D; García, MIM; Garib, A; Häikiö, T; HO, F; Hung, L; Joshi, RM; Kanerva, O; Baath, KK; Köhnlein, B; Puggaard‐Rode, R

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Journal article

Translation and Cross‐Cultural Adaptation of the Chronic Rhinosinusitis Control Test for Global Use

Abstract:: Introduction: The Chronic Rhinosinusitis Control Test (CRCT) is a patient‐reported outcome measure (PROM) written in English that is psychometrically validated to measure chronic rhinosinusitis control. Because the availability of translated PROMs is a driver of data equity—collection of data that is fair and generally representative—our objective was to create a library of translated, cross‐culturally adapted versions of the CRCT that could ultimately be used for patients worldwide. Methods: A hybrid approach leveraging generative artificial intelligence (genAI) in collaboration with expert human linguists was employed for translation and cross‐cultural adaptation of the CRCT. For each target language, forward translations were performed with three large language models (LLMs) (ChatGPT, Copilot, and Perplexity) after which an expert human linguist provided additional revisions that were used to create a consensus final translation. Backward translations were performed using LLMs (Claude, Copilot, and Perplexity). The accuracy and validity of translations at each step were assessed qualitatively and quantitatively. Results: The translation and cross‐cultural adaptation of the CRCT was achieved into 37 languages: Arabic, Bengali, Brazilian Portuguese, Bulgarian, Cantonese Chinese, Czech, Danish, Dutch, European Portuguese, Filipino, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Hebrew, Hindi, Hungarian, Indonesian, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Mandarin Chinese, Norwegian, Persian, Polish, Punjabi, Romanian, Russian, Serbo‐Croatian, Spanish, Swahili, Swedish, Thai, Turkish, Ukrainian, Urdu, and Vietnamese. These translated, cross‐culturally adapted versions of the CRCT are made available in this article. Conclusion: Translated, cross‐culturally adapted versions of the CRCT developed in this study promote data equity by serving as a basis for psychometric validation of the CRCT for worldwide use.

Publication status:: Published

Peer review status:: Peer reviewed

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APA Style

Pae, H. K., Xia, D., Sun, H., Chen, Y., Yi, K., Song, M., Sato, E., Abasi, A. R., Ballah, J., Babarczy, A., Bertram, R., Biernacka, A., Chan, M., Civera, T., Dubinina, I., Erdener, D., García, M. I. M., Garib, A., Häikiö, T., … Puggaard‐Rode, R. (2026). Translation and Cross‐Cultural Adaptation of the Chronic Rhinosinusitis Control Test for Global Use. International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology.

MLA Style

Pae, HK, et al. “Translation and Cross‐Cultural Adaptation of the Chronic Rhinosinusitis Control Test for Global Use.” International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology, 2026.

Chicago Style

Pae, HK, D Xia, H Sun, et al. 2026. “Translation and Cross‐Cultural Adaptation of the Chronic Rhinosinusitis Control Test for Global Use.” International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology.
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