Optimal placement of smart hybrid transformers in distribution networks

Journal article

Hybrid transformers are a relatively new technology that combine conventional power transformers with power electronics to provide voltage and reactive power control capabilities in distribution networks. This paper proposes a novel method of determining the optimal location and utilisation of hybrid transformers in 3-phase distribution networks to maximise the net present value of hybrid transformers based on their ability to increase the export of power produced by distributed generators over their operational lifespan. This has been accomplished through sequential linear programming, a key feature of which is the consideration of nonlinear characteristics and constraints relating to hybrid transformer power electronics and control capabilities. Test cases were carried out in a modified version of the Cigre European Low Voltage Distribution Network Benchmark, which has been extended by connecting it with two additional low voltage distribution test networks. All test case results demonstrate that the installation and utilisation of hybrid transformers can improve the income earned from exporting excess active power, justifying their installation cost (with the highest net present value being £6.56 million, resulting from a 45.53% increase in estimated annual profits due to coordinated HT compensation).

Authors: Hayward, S; Doff-Sotta, M; Merlin, M; Williams, M; Morstyn, T

• Publication status: Published
• Peer review status: Peer reviewed
• Publisher: IEEE
• Journal: IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid
• Volume: 17
• Issue: 1
• Pages: 161-177
• Publication date: 2025-11-04
• Acceptance date: 2025-10-30
• DOI: 10.1109/tsg.2025.3628489
• EISSN: 1949-3061
• ISSN: 1949-3053
• Language: English
• Keywords: hybrid transformer; optimal placement; optimal power flow; power injection model; power quality; renewable distributed generation; sequential linear programming; successive linear programming; voltage control