What have we learned from animal studies of immune responses to respiratory syncytial virus infection?

Drysdale, SB; Thwaites, RS; Price, J; Thakur, D; McGinley, J; McPherson, C; Öner, D; Aerssens, J; Openshaw, PJ; Pollard, AJ

Journal article : Review

What have we learned from animal studies of immune responses to respiratory syncytial virus infection?

Abstract:: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common cause of severe respiratory tract infection at the extremes of age and in vulnerable populations. However, it is difficult to predict the clinical course and most infants who develop severe disease have no pre-existing risk factors. With the recent licencing of RSV vaccines and monoclonal antibodies, it is important to identify high-risk individuals in order to prioritise those who will most benefit from prophylaxis. The immune response to RSV and the mechanisms by which the virus prevents the establishment of immunological memory have been extensively investigated but remain incompletely characterised. In animal models, beneficial and harmful immune responses have both been demonstrated. While only chimpanzees are fully permissive for human RSV replication, most research has been conducted in rodents, or in calves infected with bovine RSV. Based on these studies, components of innate and adaptive immune systems, cytokines, chemokines and metabolites, and specific genetic and transcriptomic signatures are identified as potential predictive indicators of RSV disease severity. These findings may inform the development of future human studies and contribute to the early identification of patients at high risk of severe infection. This narrative review summarises the factors involved in the immune response to RSV infection in these models and highlights the relationship between potential biomarkers and disease severity.

Publication status:: Published

Peer review status:: Peer reviewed

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APA Style

Drysdale, S. B., Thwaites, R. S., Price, J., Thakur, D., McGinley, J., McPherson, C., Öner, D., Aerssens, J., Openshaw, P. J., & Pollard, A. J. (2024). What have we learned from animal studies of immune responses to respiratory syncytial virus infection? Journal of Clinical Virology, 175.

MLA Style

Drysdale, S. B., et al. “What Have We Learned from Animal Studies of Immune Responses to Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection?” Journal of Clinical Virology, vol. 175, Elsevier, 2024.

Chicago Style

Drysdale, SB, RS Thwaites, J Price, D Thakur, J McGinley, C McPherson, D Öner, J Aerssens, PJ Openshaw, and AJ Pollard. 2024. “What Have We Learned from Animal Studies of Immune Responses to Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection?” Journal of Clinical Virology 175.
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