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Journal article

Quantifying impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic through life expectancy losses: a population-level study of 29 countries

Abstract:

Background

Variations in the age patterns and magnitudes of excess deaths, as well as differences in population sizes and age structures, make cross-national comparisons of the cumulative mortality impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic challenging. Life expectancy is a widely used indicator that provides a clear and cross-nationally comparable picture of the population-level impacts of the pandemic on mortality.

Methods

Life tables by sex were calculated for 29 countries, including most European countries, Chile and the USA, for 2015–2020. Life expectancy at birth and at age 60 years for 2020 were contextualized against recent trends between 2015 and 2019. Using decomposition techniques, we examined which specific age groups contributed to reductions in life expectancy in 2020 and to what extent reductions were attributable to official COVID-19 deaths.

Results

Life expectancy at birth declined from 2019 to 2020 in 27 out of 29 countries. Males in the USA and Lithuania experienced the largest losses in life expectancy at birth during 2020 (2.2 and 1.7 years, respectively), but reductions of more than an entire year were documented in 11 countries for males and 8 among females. Reductions were mostly attributable to increased mortality above age 60 years and to official COVID-19 deaths.

Conclusions

The COVID-19 pandemic triggered significant mortality increases in 2020 of a magnitude not witnessed since World War II in Western Europe or the breakup of the Soviet Union in Eastern Europe. Females from 15 countries and males from 10 ended up with lower life expectancy at birth in 2020 than in 2015.
Publication status:
Published
Peer review status:
Peer reviewed

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Publisher copy:
10.1093/ije/dyab207

Authors


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Institution:
University of Oxford
Division:
SSD
Department:
Sociology
Role:
Author
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Role:
Author
ORCID:
0000-0002-3340-8518
More by this author
Role:
Author
ORCID:
0000-0003-1835-8687
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Role:
Author
ORCID:
0000-0002-8337-8791
More by this author
Role:
Author
ORCID:
0000-0002-1764-2697



Publisher:
Oxford University Press
Journal:
International Journal of Epidemiology More from this journal
Volume:
51
Issue:
1
Pages:
63–74
Publication date:
2021-09-26
Acceptance date:
2021-09-08
DOI:
EISSN:
1464-3685
ISSN:
0300-5771


Language:
English
Keywords:
Pubs id:
1167809
Local pid:
pubs:1167809
Deposit date:
2021-04-21

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