The contributions of public health policies and healthcare quality to gender gap and country differences in life expectancy in the UK

Journal article

Life expectancy (LE) depends on the wider determinants of health, many of which have gendered effects worldwide. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether gender equality was associated with LE for women and men and the gender gap in LE across the globe. Gender equality in 156 countries was estimated using a modified global gender gap index (mGGGI), based on the index developed by the World Economic Forum between 2010 and 2021. Linear regression was used to investigate the association between the mGGGI and its economic, political, and education subindices and the gender gap in LE and women and men's LE. Overall, the mGGGI increased from 58% in 2010 to 62% in 2021. Globally, changes in the mGGGI and its economic and political subindexes were not associated with changes in the gender gap in LE or with LE for women and men between 2010 and 2020. Improvements in gender equality in education were associated with a longer LE for women and men and widening of the gender gap in LE. In 2021, each 10% increase in the mGGGI was associated with a 4.3-month increase in women's LE and a 3.5-month increase in men's LE, and thus with an 8-month wider gender gap. However, the direction and magnitude of these associations varied between regions. Each 10% increase in the mGGGI was associated with a 6-month narrower gender gap in high-income countries, and a 13- and 16-month wider gender gap in South and Southeast Asia and Oceania, and in Sub-Saharan Africa, respectively. Globally, greater gender equality is associated with longer LE for both women and men and a widening of the gender gap in LE. The variation in this association across world regions suggests that gender equality may change as countries progress towards socioeconomic development and gender equality

Authors: Allel, K; Salustri, F; Haghparast-Bidgoli, H; Kiadaliri, A

• Publication status: Published
• Peer review status: Peer reviewed
• Publisher: BioMed Central
• Journal: Population Health Metrics
• Volume: 19
• Issue: 1
• Pages: 40-40
• Article number: 40
• Publication date: 2021-10-20
• DOI: 10.1186/s12963-021-00271-2
• EISSN: 1478-7954
• ISSN: 1478-7954
• Language: English
• Keywords: Psychology; Population; Gerontology; Nursing; Social psychology; Economic growth; Healthcare policy; Expectancy theory; International health; Health economics; Public health; Quality (philosophy); Medicine; Health care; Life expectancy; Health administration; Health policy; Quality of Life Research; Epidemiology; Health services research; Environmental health; Quality of life (healthcare)