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Exploring school absences for children in care in England: systemic pressures, local challenges and admissions resistance

Abstract:
Educational outcomes for children in care in England are significantly below national averages and addressing this is a high social justice and policy priority. One facet is this group’s higher-than-average school absence rates and this paper begins by exploring data between geographical areas, highlighting important correlations with special educational needs and disabilities, exclusions and housing arrangements. We then draw on focus group discussions among 26 Virtual School Headteachers; senior leaders in local authorities with statutory responsibility for supporting the education of children in care through advocacy and engagement with local schools. These illuminate the reasons why children in care are disproportionately absent from school. First, there is widespread resistance to admitting children in care, with some schools also being quick to exclude. Second, limited capacity leads to administrative delays in resourcing support for special educational needs and disabilities. Third, there are shortages in high-quality specialist provision for young people with complex needs. We discuss these empirical findings as an issue of procedural justice in the wider policy context, highlighting the tensions between government discourses around inclusive education and a high-stakes accountability environment, where the majority of schools now have significant autonomy over admissions and behaviour policies with little democratic oversight.
Publication status:
Published
Peer review status:
Peer reviewed

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Publisher copy:
10.1080/02680939.2026.2671147

Authors

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Institution:
University of Oxford
Division:
SSD
Department:
Education
Oxford college:
St John's College
Role:
Author
ORCID:
0000-0002-0809-7375


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Funder identifier:
https://ror.org/05rjsp326


Publisher:
Taylor & Francis Group
Journal:
Journal of Education Policy More from this journal
Publication date:
2026-05-18
Acceptance date:
2026-04-29
DOI:
EISSN:
1464-5106
ISSN:
0268-0939


Language:
English
Keywords:
Pubs id:
2412804
Local pid:
pubs:2412804
Deposit date:
2026-05-01
ARK identifier:

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