Patrilocal, matrilocal or neolocal? Intergenerational proximity of married couples in China

Journal article

Objective: The study describes current patterns of intergenerational proximity in China, and analyzes the structural conditions that are associated with couples' proximity to the husband's and the wife's parents.

Background: Patrilocality is a core aspect of the traditional Chinese kinship system, and is deeply rooted in Confucian beliefs. In recent decades, however, this custom has been challenged by internal migration as well changes in family values and preferences.

Method: We model the effect of each spouse's household registration (hukou) origin, education level, and sibling structure on intergenerational proximity, using a nationally representative sample of 4,256 couples derived from the 2010 China Family Panel Studies.

Results: Almost 75% of married Chinese couples live with or in close proximity to the husband's parents. There is, however, a strong social gradient in intergenerational proximity, and patrilocality is particularly pronounced among rural-origin and less educated couples. Matrilocal residence remains unusual, although it is more likely when the wife has no brothers.

Conclusion: The custom of patrilocal residence demonstrates a remarkable resilience, even as other patriarchal traditions have crumbled in the face of China's 'Great Transformation'.

Implications: We provide explanations for the persistence of patrilocality and discuss implications for intergenerational support, gender inequality and son preference.

Authors: Gruijters, R; Ermisch, J

• Publication status: Published
• Peer review status: Peer reviewed
• Publisher: Wiley
• Journal: Journal of Marriage and Family
• Volume: 81
• Issue: 3
• Pages: 549-566
• Publication date: 2018-10-08
• Acceptance date: 2018-08-02
• DOI: 10.1111/jomf.12538
• EISSN: 1741-3737
• ISSN: 0022-2445
• Keywords: families in middle and later life; intergenerational relations; living arrangements; Asian/Pacific Islander families; gender