Journal article
Direct laser-written aperiodic photonic volume elements for complex light shaping with high efficiency: inverse design and fabrication
- Abstract:
- Light plays a central role in many applications. The key to unlocking its versatility lies in shaping it into the most appropriate form for the task at hand. Specifically tailored refractive index modifications, directly manufactured inside glass using a short pulsed laser, enable an almost arbitrary control of the light flow. However, the stringent requirements for quantitative knowledge of these modifications, as well as for fabrication precision, have so far prevented the fabrication of light-efficient aperiodic photonic volume elements (APVEs). Here, we present a powerful approach to the design and manufacturing of light-efficient APVEs. We optimize application-specific three-dimensional arrangements of hundreds of thousands of microscopic voxels and manufacture them using femtosecond direct laser writing inside millimeter-sized glass volumes. We experimentally achieve unprecedented diffraction efficiencies up to 80%, which is enabled by precise voxel characterization and adaptive optics during fabrication. We demonstrate APVEs with various functionalities, including a spatial mode converter and combined intensity shaping and wavelength multiplexing. Our elements can be freely designed and are efficient, compact, and robust. Our approach is not limited to borosilicate glass but is potentially extendable to other substrates, including birefringent and nonlinear materials, giving a preview of even broader functionalities, including polarization modulation and dynamic elements.
- Publication status:
- Published
- Peer review status:
- Peer reviewed
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(Preview, Version of record, pdf, 2.5MB, Terms of use)
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- Publisher copy:
- 10.1117/1.apn.2.3.036006
Authors
- Publisher:
- SPIE
- Journal:
- Advanced Photonics Nexus More from this journal
- Volume:
- 2
- Issue:
- 3
- Article number:
- 036006
- Publication date:
- 2023-04-20
- Acceptance date:
- 2023-03-15
- DOI:
- ISSN:
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2791-1519
- Language:
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English
- Keywords:
- Pubs id:
-
1339646
- Local pid:
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pubs:1339646
- Deposit date:
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2023-05-03
- ARK identifier:
Terms of use
- Copyright holder:
- Barré et al
- Copyright date:
- 2023
- Rights statement:
- © The Authors. Published by SPIE and CLP under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI.
- Licence:
- CC Attribution (CC BY)
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