Journal article : Review
Chronic immune activation and CD4+ Tcell lymphopenia in healthy African individuals: Perspectives for SARS-CoV-2 vaccine efficacy
- Abstract:
- Chronic immune activation has been considered as the driving force for CD4+ T cell depletion in people infected with HIV-1. Interestingly, the normal immune profile of adult HIV-negative individuals living in Africa also exhibit chronic immune activation, reminiscent of that observed in HIV-1 infected individuals. It is characterized by increased levels of soluble immune activation markers, such as the cytokines interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10, TNF-α, and cellular activation markers including HLA-DR, CD-38, CCR5, coupled with reduced naïve and increased memory cells in CD4+ and CD8+ subsets. In addition, it is accompanied by low CD4+ T cell counts when compared to Europeans. There is also evidence that mononuclear cells from African infants secrete less innate cytokines than South and North Americans and Europeans in vitro. Chronic immune activation in Africans is linked to environmental factors such as parasitic infections and could be responsible for previously observed immune hypo-responsiveness to infections and vaccines. It is unclear whether the immunogenicity and effectiveness of anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines will also be reduced by similar mechanisms. A review of studies investigating this phenomenon is urgently required as they should inform the design and delivery for vaccines to be used in African populations.
- Publication status:
- Published
- Peer review status:
- Peer reviewed
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(Preview, Version of record, pdf, 458.5KB, Terms of use)
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- Publisher copy:
- 10.3389/fimmu.2021.693269
Authors
- Publisher:
- Frontiers Media
- Journal:
- Frontiers in Immunology More from this journal
- Volume:
- 12
- Article number:
- 693269
- Publication date:
- 2021-06-17
- Acceptance date:
- 2021-06-04
- DOI:
- EISSN:
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1664-3224
- Language:
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English
- Keywords:
- Subtype:
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Review
- Pubs id:
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1187306
- Local pid:
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pubs:1187306
- Deposit date:
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2022-06-10
- ARK identifier:
Terms of use
- Copyright holder:
- Wolday et al.
- Copyright date:
- 2021
- Rights statement:
- Copyright © 2021 Wolday, Ndungu, Gómez-Pérez and de Wit. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
- Licence:
- CC Attribution (CC BY)
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