Journal article
Long-term neurodevelopment outcomes of hand, foot and mouth disease inpatients infected with EV-A71 or CV-A16, a retrospective cohort study
- Abstract:
- Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common infectious disease in western Asia area and the full range of the long-term sequelae of HFMD remains poorly described. We conducted a retrospective hospital-based cohort study of HFMD patients with central nervous system (CNS) complications caused by EV-A71 or CV-A16 between 2010 and 2016. Patients were classified into three groups, including CNS only, autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysregulation, and cardiorespiratory failure. Neurologic examination, neurodevelopmental assessments, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and lung function, were performed at follow up. Of the 176 patients followed up, 24 suffered CNS only, 133 ANS dysregulation, and 19 cardiorespiratory failure. Median follow-up period was 4.3 years (range [1.4-8.3]). The rate of neurological abnormalities was 25% (43 of 171) at discharge and 10% (17 of 171) at follow-up. The rates of poor outcome were significantly different between the three groups of complications in motor (28%, 38%, 71%) domain (p=0.020), but not for cognitive (20%, 24%, 35%), language (25%, 36%, 41%) and adaptive (24%, 16%, 26%) domains (<i>p</i> = 0.537, <i>p</i> = 0.551, <i>p</i> = 0.403). For children with ventilated during hospitalization, 41% patients (14 of 34) had an obstructive ventilatory defect, and one patient with scoliosis had mixed ventilatory dysfunction. Persistent abnormalities on brain MRI were 0% (0 of 7), 9% (2 of 23) and 57% (4 of 7) in CNS, ANS and cardiorespiratory failure group separately. Patients with HFMD may have abnormalities in neurological, motor, language, cognition, adaptive behaviour and respiratory function. Long-term follow-up programmes for children's neurodevelopmental and respiratory function may be warranted.
- Publication status:
- Published
- Peer review status:
- Peer reviewed
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(Preview, Version of record, 1007.6KB, Terms of use)
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- Publisher copy:
- 10.1080/22221751.2021.1901612
Authors
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Journal:
- Emerging Microbes and Infections More from this journal
- Volume:
- 10
- Issue:
- 1
- Pages:
- 545-554
- Publication date:
- 2021-03-29
- Acceptance date:
- 2021-03-06
- DOI:
- EISSN:
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2222-1751
- ISSN:
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2222-1751
- Pmid:
-
33691598
Terms of use
- Copyright holder:
- Liang et al.
- Copyright date:
- 2021
- Rights statement:
- © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group, on behalf of Shanghai Shangyixun Cultural Communication Co., Ltd This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
- Licence:
- CC Attribution (CC BY)
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