Global multidimensional poverty index 2025 – overlapping hardships: poverty and climate hazards

Report

The 2025 global MPI report Overlapping Hardships: Poverty and Climate Hazards is produced in partnership with OPHI and the United Nations Development Programme Human Development Report Office (UNDP HDRO). The report overlays data on climate hazards and multidimensional poverty for the first time to assess how exposed poor people are to climate challenges. Section 1 summarises findings from the latest calculation of the global MPI. Section 2 considers the close links between poverty and climate hazards. It probes four hazards: high heat, drought, floods and air pollution. The analysis demonstrates that applying a poverty lens in environmental analysis and vice versa will become increasingly important to help understand where people are suffering the most, where the planet is under the greatest strain, and where these crises overlap.

Authors: Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative (OPHI); United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)

• Publication status: Published
• Peer review status: Peer reviewed
• Publisher: Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative (OPHI) and United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
• Series: Global MPI reports
• Place of publication: Oxford, UK and New York, USA
• Publication date: 2025-10-17
• Paper number: GMPI 16
• Language: English
• Keywords: flooding; multidimensional poverty index; drought; air pollution; heat; environment; MPI; climate hazards; poverty measurement