Journal article
The MBHBM Project - I: measurement of the central black hole mass in the Dwarf Galaxy NGC 3504 using molecular gas kinematics
- Abstract:
- We present a dynamical mass measurement of the supermassive black hole (SMBH) in the nearby double-barred spiral galaxy NGC 3504 as part of the Measuring Black Holes in below Milky Way (Msstarf) Mass Galaxies Project. Our analysis is based on Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array cycle 5 observations of the ${}^{12}\mathrm{CO}(2-1)$ emission line. These observations probe NGC 3504's circumnuclear gas disk (CND). Our dynamical model of the CND simultaneously constrains a black hole (BH) mass of ${1.6}_{-0.4}^{+0.6}\times {10}^{7}$ M⊙, which is consistent with the empirical BH–galaxy scaling relations and a mass-to-light ratio in the H band of 0.44 ± 0.12 (M⊙/${L}_{\odot }$). This measurement also relies on our new estimation of the distance to the galaxy of 32.4 ± 2.1 Mpc using the surface brightness fluctuation method, which is much further than the existing distance estimates. Additionally, our observations detect a central deficit in the ${}^{12}\mathrm{CO}(2-1)$ integrated intensity map with a diameter of 6.3 pc at the putative position of the SMBH. However, we find that a dense gas tracer CS(5 − 4) peaks at the galaxy center, filling in the ${}^{12}\mathrm{CO}(2-1)$-attenuated hole. Holes like this one are observed in other galaxies, and our observations suggest these may be caused by changing excitation conditions rather than a true absence of molecular gas around the nucleus.
- Publication status:
- Published
- Peer review status:
- Peer reviewed
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- Files:
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(Preview, Accepted manuscript, 13.8MB, Terms of use)
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- Publisher copy:
- 10.3847/1538-4357/ab77aa
Authors
- Publisher:
- American Astronomical Society
- Journal:
- Astrophysical Journal More from this journal
- Volume:
- 892
- Issue:
- 1
- Article number:
- 68
- Publication date:
- 2020-03-30
- Acceptance date:
- 2020-02-17
- DOI:
- EISSN:
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1538-4357
- ISSN:
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0004-637X
- Language:
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English
- Keywords:
- Pubs id:
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1094337
- Local pid:
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pubs:1094337
- Deposit date:
-
2020-03-16
Terms of use
- Copyright holder:
- American Astronomical Society
- Copyright date:
- 2020
- Rights statement:
- © 2020. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.
- Notes:
- This is the accepted manuscript version of the article. The final version is available online from the American Astronomical Society at: https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab77aa
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