Randomized comparison of the efficacies and tolerabilities of three artemisinin-based combination treatments for children with acute Plasmodium falciparum malaria in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Onyamboko, M; Fanello, C; Wongsaen, K; Tarning, J; Cheah, P; Tshefu, K; Dondorp, A; Nosten, F; White, N; Day, N

Journal article

Randomized comparison of the efficacies and tolerabilities of three artemisinin-based combination treatments for children with acute Plasmodium falciparum malaria in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Abstract:: An open-label, randomized controlled trial was carried out in 2011-2012 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo to test the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of the artemisinin-based combination treatments dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine, amodiaquine-artesunate, and artemether-lumefantrine. Six hundred eighty-four children aged 3 to 59 months with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria were randomly allocated to each study arm. Children were hospitalized for 3 days, given supervised treatment, and followed up weekly for 42 days. All regimens were well tolerated and rapidly effective. The median parasitemia clearance half-life was 2.2 h, and half-lives were similar between arms (P=0.19). The PCR-uncorrected cure rates by day 42 were 73.0% for amodiaquine-artesunate, 70.2% for artemether-lumefantrine, and 86.3% for dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (P=0.001). Early treatment failure occurred in three patients (0.5%), one in each arm. The PCR-corrected cure rates were 93.4% for amodiaquine-artesunate, 92.7% for artemether-lumefantrine, and 94.3% for dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (P=0.78). The last provided a longer posttreatment prophylactic effect than did the other two treatments. The day 7 plasma concentration of piperaquine was below 30 ng/ml in 47% of the children treated with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine, and the day 7 lumefantrine concentration was below 280 ng/ml in 37.0% of children who received artemether-lumefantrine. Thus, although cure rates were all satisfactory, they could be improved by increasing the dose. (This study has been registered with the International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number Register [www.isrctn.org] under registration no. ISRCTN20984426.).

Publication status:: Published

Peer review status:: Peer reviewed

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APA Style

Onyamboko, M., Fanello, C., Wongsaen, K., Tarning, J., Cheah, P., Tshefu, K., Dondorp, A., Nosten, F., White, N., & Day, N. (2014). Randomized comparison of the efficacies and tolerabilities of three artemisinin-based combination treatments for children with acute Plasmodium falciparum malaria in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 58(9), 5528–5536.

MLA Style

Onyamboko, M., et al. “Randomized Comparison of the Efficacies and Tolerabilities of Three Artemisinin-Based Combination Treatments for Children with Acute Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.” Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, vol. 58, no. 9, American Society for Microbiology, 2014, pp. 5528–36.

Chicago Style

Onyamboko, M, C Fanello, K Wongsaen, J Tarning, P Cheah, K Tshefu, A Dondorp, F Nosten, N White, and N Day. 2014. “Randomized Comparison of the Efficacies and Tolerabilities of Three Artemisinin-Based Combination Treatments for Children with Acute Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.” Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 58 (9): 5528–36.
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