Journal article

The validity of test-negative design for assessment of typhoid conjugate vaccine protection: comparison of estimates by different study designs using data from a cluster-randomised controlled trial

Abstract:: Background
Typhoid fever remains a substantial public health challenge in low-income and middle-income countries. By 2023, typhoid conjugate vaccines (TCVs) had been introduced in six countries globally, with more than 50 million doses distributed. Now that TCVs are being deployed, there is a need for observational studies to assess vaccine effectiveness in the field. We aimed to evaluate the validity of different observational study designs in estimating vaccine protectio... Expand abstract
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Publication status:: Published

Peer review status:: Peer reviewed

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APA Style

Feng, S., Zhang, Y., Khanam, F., Voysey, M., Pitzer, V. E., Qadri, F., Clemens, J. D., Pollard, A. J., & Liu, X. (2025). The validity of test-negative design for assessment of typhoid conjugate vaccine protection: comparison of estimates by different study designs using data from a cluster-randomised controlled trial. Lancet Global Health, 13(6), e1122–e1131.

MLA Style

Feng, S, et al. “The Validity of Test-Negative Design for Assessment of Typhoid Conjugate Vaccine Protection: Comparison of Estimates by Different Study Designs Using Data from a Cluster-Randomised Controlled Trial.” Lancet Global Health, vol. 13, no. 6, 2025, pp. e1122–e1131.

Chicago Style

Feng, S, Y Zhang, F Khanam, et al. 2025. “The Validity of Test-Negative Design for Assessment of Typhoid Conjugate Vaccine Protection: Comparison of Estimates by Different Study Designs Using Data from a Cluster-Randomised Controlled Trial.” Lancet Global Health 13 (6): e1122–e1131.
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Files:: Feng_et_al_2025_The_validity_of.pdf

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Publisher copy:: 10.1016/S2214-109X(25)00056-7

Authors

+ Feng, S More by this author

Institution:: University of Oxford
Division:: MSD
Department:: Paediatrics
Research group:: Oxford Vaccine Group
Role:: Author
ORCID:: 0000-0002-9863-4807

+ Zhang, Y More by this author

Institution:: University of Oxford
Division:: MSD
Department:: Paediatrics
Research group:: Oxford Vaccine Group
Role:: Author
ORCID:: 0000-0002-6628-5147

+ Khanam, F More by this author

Role:: Author

+ Voysey, M More by this author

Institution:: University of Oxford
Division:: MSD
Department:: Paediatrics
Research group:: Oxford Vaccine Group
Role:: Author

+ Pitzer, VE More by this author

Role:: Author

More authors...

+ Medical Research Council More from this funder

Funder identifier:: https://ror.org/03x94j517

Publisher:: Elsevier
Journal:: Lancet Global Health More from this journal
Volume:: 13
Issue:: 6
Pages:: e1122-e1131
Publication date:: 2025-04-16
Acceptance date:: 2025-01-31
DOI:: 10.1016/S2214-109X(25)00056-7
EISSN:: 2214-109X
ISSN:: 2572-116X

Language:: English
Pubs id:: 2119201
Local pid:: pubs:2119201
Deposit date:: 2025-04-28
ARK identifier:: ark:/29072/ora_7462af9a3a20473d99c8fd4db047f321

Terms of use

Copyright holder:: Feng et al
Copyright date:: 2025
Rights statement:: © 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.

Licence:: CC Attribution (CC BY)

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