Journal article
Cross-sectional diagnostic accuracy study of self-testing for proteinuria during hypertensive pregnancies: the UDIP study
- Abstract:
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Objective
To determine the accuracy of self-testing for proteinuria during pregnancy.
Design
Diagnostic accuracy study.
Setting
Antenatal clinics, maternity assessment units and inpatient wards at three hospital sites.
Population or Sample
345 pregnant women.
Methods
Pregnant women self-tested in-clinic for urinary protein using visually read dipsticks with samples then sent for laboratory estimation of the spot protein-creatinine ratio (PCR) (primary reference test). Secondary index tests included testing by antenatal healthcare professionals and an automated colorimetric reader.
Main outcome measures
Sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, positive predictive value and likelihood ratios were calculated for self-testing (primary index test) along with healthcare professional and colorimetric testing compared to the primary reference test (PCR).
Results
335/345 (97%) had sufficient data to be included in the analysis. Self-testing had a sensitivity of 0.71 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.62–0.79) and a specificity of 0.89 (95% CI 0.84–0.92) compared to PCR. Sensitivity and specificity of testing by healthcare professionals and the colorimetric reader were similar: sensitivity 0.73 (95% CI 0.64–0.80) and 0.78 (95% CI 0.69–0.85), respectively; specificity 0.88 (95% CI 0.82–0.92) and 0.83 (95% CI 0.78–0.88), respectively.
Conclusion
Pregnant women can visually read a dipstick for urinary protein with similar accuracy to antenatal healthcare professionals. Automated colorimetric testing was not significantly different, in contrast to some previous studies. Self-testing has the potential to form part of a self-monitoring regime in pregnancy.
- Publication status:
- Published
- Peer review status:
- Peer reviewed
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- Files:
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(Preview, Version of record, pdf, 307.0KB, Terms of use)
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- Publisher copy:
- 10.1111/1471-0528.17180
Authors
- Publisher:
- Wiley
- Journal:
- BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology More from this journal
- Volume:
- 129
- Issue:
- 13
- Pages:
- 2142-2148
- Place of publication:
- England
- Publication date:
- 2022-05-12
- Acceptance date:
- 2022-03-23
- DOI:
- EISSN:
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1471-0528
- ISSN:
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1470-0328
- Pmid:
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35412672
- Language:
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English
- Keywords:
- Pubs id:
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1250507
- Local pid:
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pubs:1250507
- Deposit date:
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2022-06-01
Terms of use
- Copyright holder:
- Jakubowski et al.
- Copyright date:
- 2022
- Rights statement:
- ©2022 The Authors. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
- Licence:
- CC Attribution (CC BY)
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