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Journal article : Review

Post-translational palmitoylation of metabolic proteins

Abstract:
Numerous cellular proteins are post-translationally modified by addition of a lipid group to their structure, which dynamically influences the proteome by increasing hydrophobicity of proteins often impacting protein conformation, localization, stability, and binding affinity. These lipid modifications include myristoylation and palmitoylation. Palmitoylation involves a 16-carbon saturated fatty acyl chain being covalently linked to a cysteine thiol through a thioester bond. Palmitoylation is unique within this group of modifications, as the addition of the palmitoyl group is reversible and enzyme driven, rapidly affecting protein targeting, stability and subcellular trafficking. The palmitoylation reaction is catalyzed by a large family of Asp-His-His-Cys (DHHCs) motif-containing palmitoyl acyltransferases, while the reverse reaction is catalyzed by acyl-protein thioesterases (APTs), that remove the acyl chain. Palmitoyl-CoA serves an important dual purpose as it is not only a key metabolite fueling energy metabolism, but is also a substrate for this PTM. In this review, we discuss protein palmitoylation in regulating substrate metabolism, focusing on membrane transport proteins and kinases that participate in substrate uptake into the cell. We then explore the palmitoylation of mitochondrial proteins and the palmitoylation regulatory enzymes, a less explored field for potential lipid metabolic regulation.
Publication status:
Published
Peer review status:
Peer reviewed

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Publisher copy:
10.3389/fphys.2023.1122895

Authors

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Institution:
University of Oxford
Division:
MSD
Department:
Physiology Anatomy & Genetics
Role:
Author
ORCID:
0000-0001-9554-3486
More by this author
Institution:
University of Oxford
Division:
MSD
Department:
Physiology Anatomy & Genetics
Oxford college:
Linacre College
Role:
Author
ORCID:
0000-0002-7246-1338


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Grant:
FS/17/58/33072
FS/19/61/34900


Publisher:
Frontiers Media
Journal:
Frontiers in physiology More from this journal
Volume:
14
Article number:
1122895
Place of publication:
Switzerland
Publication date:
2023-02-24
Acceptance date:
2023-02-03
DOI:
EISSN:
1664-042X
ISSN:
1664-042X
Pmid:
36909239


Language:
English
Keywords:
Subtype:
Review
Pubs id:
1333043
Local pid:
pubs:1333043
Deposit date:
2023-07-04
ARK identifier:

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