Journal article
Sociodemographic factors, biomarkers and comorbidities associated with post-acute COVID-19 sequelae in UK Biobank
- Abstract:
- Long-term sequelae of COVID-19 remain critical public health concerns, with limited therapeutic options available. We conducted two case-control studies among COVID-19 infected individuals in the UK Biobank to explore the association of sociodemographic factors, clinical biomarkers, and comorbidities with the risk of two key phenotypes: Long COVID (LC, defined by patient self-report symptoms) and post-acute complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PACS, defined by clinical diagnosis), separately. Our study included 8,668 participants in the LC cohort (32% classified as cases) and 108,407 in the PACS cohort (with 2% being cases). Findings showed that age and sex were associated with both LC and PACS but in opposite directions. Additionally, obesity, socioeconomic deprivation, elevated C-reactive protein, triglyceride, vitamin D, HbA1c, cystatin C, urate, and alanine aminotransferase, and decreased HDL cholesterol and IGF-1, as well as CKD and COPD, were associated with LC. Most of these factors were also significant for PACS, except for alanine aminotransferase and vitamin D. These findings have potential mechanistic implications for the distinction between LC and PACS and can guide clinical implementation of identifying high-risk groups for targeted vaccination or other public health mitigation strategies.
- Publication status:
- Published
- Peer review status:
- Peer reviewed
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(Preview, Version of record, pdf, 2.0MB, Terms of use)
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- Publisher copy:
- 10.1038/s41467-025-62354-0
Authors
+ NIHR Academy
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- Funder identifier:
- https://ror.org/02nv4he32
- Grant:
- SRF-2018-11-ST2-004
+ UK Research and Innovation
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- Funder identifier:
- https://ror.org/001aqnf71
- Grant:
- MC_PC_20058
+ Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust
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- Funder identifier:
- https://ror.org/03h2bh287
- Publisher:
- Springer Nature
- Journal:
- Nature Communications More from this journal
- Volume:
- 16
- Issue:
- 1
- Article number:
- 7009
- Place of publication:
- England
- Publication date:
- 2025-07-30
- Acceptance date:
- 2025-07-18
- DOI:
- EISSN:
-
2041-1723
- Pmid:
-
40738888
- Language:
-
English
- Pubs id:
-
2265924
- Local pid:
-
pubs:2265924
- Deposit date:
-
2025-08-15
- ARK identifier:
Terms of use
- Copyright holder:
- Alcalde-Herraiz et al
- Copyright date:
- 2025
- Rights statement:
- © 2025 The Authors. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder.
- Licence:
- CC Attribution (CC BY)
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