Differentiating Left Ventricular Remodeling in Aortic Stenosis From Systemic Hypertension

Journal article

BackgroundLeft ventricular (LV) hypertrophy occurs in both aortic stenosis (AS) and systemic hypertension (HTN) in response to wall stress. However, differentiation of hypertrophy due to these 2 etiologies is lacking. The aim was to study the 3-dimensional geometric remodeling pattern in severe AS pre- and postsurgical aortic valve replacement and to compare with HTN and healthy controls.MethodsNinety-one subjects (36 severe AS, 19 HTN, and 36 healthy controls) underwent cine cardiac magnetic resonance. Cardiac magnetic resonance was repeated 8 months post-aortic valve replacement (n=18). Principal component analysis was performed on the 3-dimensional meshes reconstructed from 109 cardiac magnetic resonance scans of 91 subjects at end-diastole. Principal component analysis modes were compared across experimental groups together with conventional metrics of shape, strain, and scar.ResultsA unique AS signature was identified by wall thickness linked to a LV left-right axis shift and a decrease in short-axis eccentricity. HTN was uniquely linked to increased septal thickness. Combining these 3 features had good discriminative ability between AS and HTN (area under the curve, 0.792). The LV left-right axis shift was not reversible post-aortic valve replacement, did not associate with strain, age, or sex, and was predictive of postoperative LV mass regression (R2=0.339, P=0.014).ConclusionsUnique remodeling signatures might differentiate the etiology of LV hypertrophy. Preliminary findings suggest that LV axis shift is characteristic in AS, is not reversible post-aortic valve replacement, predicts mass regression, and may be interpreted to be an adaptive mechanism.

Authors: Mahmod, M; Chan, K; Fernandes, JF; Ariga, R; Raman, B

• Publication status: Published
• Peer review status: Peer reviewed
• Publisher: American Heart Association
• Journal: Circulation: Cardiovascular Imaging
• Volume: 17
• Issue: 8
• Pages: e016489
• Publication date: 2024-08-20
• Acceptance date: 2024-06-26
• DOI: 10.1161/circimaging.123.016489
• EISSN: 1942-0080
• ISSN: 1941-9651
• Pmid: 39163368
• Language: English
• Keywords: Ventricular Remodeling; Aged; Severity of Illness Index; Humans; Hypertrophy, left ventricular; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Aortic valve; Case-Control Studies; Predictive Value of Tests; Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation; Time Factors; Hypertension; Female; Diagnosis, Differential; Middle Aged; Male; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular; Aortic Valve Stenosis; Treatment Outcome; Principal Component Analysis; Principal component analysis; Ventricular Function, Left; Aortic Valve; Aortic valve stenosis; Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine