Journal article

Not all brains are created equal: the relevance of individual differences in responsiveness to transcranial electrical stimulation

Abstract:: A current issue in the research of augmentation of brain functions using transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) is the diversity and inconsistency in outcome results. Similar studies often report different results, depending on the parameters and tasks used. Such inconsistencies have led to significant doubts about the efficacy of the method in the broader scientific community, despite its promising potential for patient recovery and treatment. Evidence on the large variability in individual cortical excitability and response to tES suggests that stimulation may affect individuals differently, depending on the subject's age, gender, brain state, hormonal levels, and pre-existing regional excitability. Certain factors might even lead to the reversal of polarity-dependent effects, and therefore have crucial implications for neurorehabilitation and cognitive enhancement. Research paradigms may have to be refined in the future to avoid the confounding effects of such factors.

Publication status:: Published

Peer review status:: Peer reviewed

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APA Style

Krause, B., & Cohen Kadosh, R. (2014). Not all brains are created equal: the relevance of individual differences in responsiveness to transcranial electrical stimulation. Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience, 8, 25.

MLA Style

Krause, B., and R. Cohen Kadosh. “Not All Brains Are Created Equal: the Relevance of Individual Differences in Responsiveness to Transcranial Electrical Stimulation.” Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience, vol. 8, Frontiers Media, 2014, p. 25.

Chicago Style

Krause, B, and R Cohen Kadosh. 2014. “Not All Brains Are Created Equal: the Relevance of Individual Differences in Responsiveness to Transcranial Electrical Stimulation.” Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience 8: 25.
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Files:: fnsys-08-00025.pdf

(Preview, Version of record, pdf, 446.4KB, Terms of use)

Publisher copy:: 10.3389/fnsys.2014.00025

Authors

+ Krause, B More by this author

Role:: Author

+ Cohen Kadosh, R More by this author

Institution:: University of Oxford
Division:: Medical Sciences Division
Department:: Experimental Psychology
Role:: Author

Publisher:: Frontiers Media
Journal:: Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience More from this journal
Volume:: 8
Pages:: 25
Publication date:: 2014-02-24
Acceptance date:: 2014-02-05
DOI:: 10.3389/fnsys.2014.00025
EISSN:: 1662-5137

Language:: English
Keywords:: SBTMR
Pubs id:: pubs:454180
UUID:: uuid:70a0c483-f7f3-4f37-9e40-cc16702a61f9
Local pid:: pubs:454180
Source identifiers:: 454180
Deposit date:: 2014-05-13

Terms of use

Copyright holder:: Krause and Cohen Kadosh
Copyright date:: 2014
Notes:: Copyright © 2014 Krause and Cohen Kadosh. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

Licence:: CC Attribution (CC BY)

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