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The dynamics of a subglacial salt wedge

Abstract:
Marine-terminating glaciers, such as those along the coastline of Greenland, often release meltwater into the ocean in the form of subglacial discharge plumes. Though these plumes can dramatically alter the mass loss along the front of a glacier, the conditions surrounding their genesis remain poorly constrained. In particular, little is known about the geometry of subglacial outlets and the extent to which seawater may intrude into them. Here, the latter is addressed by exploring the dynamics of an arrested salt wedge – a steady-state, two-layer flow system where salty water partially intrudes a channel carrying fresh water. Building on existing theory, we formulate a model that predicts the length of a non-entraining salt wedge as a function of the Froude number, the slope of the channel and coefficients for interfacial and wall drag. In conjunction, a series of laboratory experiments were conducted to observe a salt wedge within a rectangular channel. For experiments conducted with laminar flow (Reynolds number Re < 800), good agreement with theoretical predictions are obtained when the drag coefficients are modelled as being inversely proportional to Re. However, for fully turbulent flows on geophysical scales, these drag coefficients are expected to asymptote toward finite values. Adopting reasonable drag coefficient estimates for this flow regime, our theoretical model suggests that typical subglacial channels may permit seawater intrusions of the order of several kilometres. While crude, these results indicate that the ocean has a strong tendency to penetrate subglacial channels and potentially undercut the face of marine-terminating glaciers.
Publication status:
Published
Peer review status:
Peer reviewed

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Publisher copy:
10.1017/jfm.2020.308

Authors


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Role:
Author
ORCID:
0000-0003-2329-5115
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Institution:
University of Oxford
Division:
MPLS
Department:
Physics
Sub department:
Atmos Ocean & Planet Physics
Role:
Author
ORCID:
0000-0001-7929-6227
More by this author
Institution:
University of Oxford
Division:
MPLS
Department:
Mathematical Institute
Role:
Author
ORCID:
0000-0002-9167-6481


Publisher:
Cambridge University Press
Journal:
Journal of Fluid Mechanics More from this journal
Volume:
895
Article number:
A20
Publication date:
2020-05-20
Acceptance date:
2020-04-13
DOI:
EISSN:
1469-7645
ISSN:
0022-1120


Language:
English
Keywords:
Pubs id:
1105610
Local pid:
pubs:1105610
Deposit date:
2020-05-20

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