Convolutional neural networks for accurate measurement of train speed

Journal article

In this study, we explore the use of Convolutional Neural Networks for improving train speed estimation accuracy, addressing the complex challenges of modern railway systems. We investigate three CNN architectures — single-branch 2D, single-branch 1D, and multiple-branch models — and compare them with the Adaptive Kalman Filter. We analyse their performance using simulated train operation datasets with and without Wheel Slide Protection activation. Our results reveal that CNN-based approaches, especially the multiple-branch model, demonstrate superior accuracy and robustness compared to traditional methods, particularly under challenging operational conditions. These findings highlight the potential of deep learning techniques to enhance railway safety and operational efficiency by more effectively capturing intricate patterns in complex transportation datasets.

Authors: Tian, H; Zolotas, A; Arana-Catania, M

• Publication status: Published
• Peer review status: Peer reviewed
• Publisher: SAGE Publications
• Journal: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit
• Volume: 239
• Issue: 10
• Pages: 890-906
• Publication date: 2025-08-23
• Acceptance date: 2025-07-17
• DOI: 10.1177/09544097251367794
• EISSN: 2041-3017
• ISSN: 0954-4097
• Language: English
• Keywords: machine learning in transportation; simulated datasets; train control systems optimisation; signal data analysis; Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs); train speed prediction