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Estimating the burden of the COVID-19 pandemic on mortality, life expectancy and lifespan inequality in England and Wales: a population-level analysis

Abstract:
Background Deaths directly linked to COVID-19 infection may be misclassified, and the pandemic may have indirectly affected other causes of death. To overcome these measurement challenges, we estimate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mortality, life expectancy and lifespan inequality from week 10 of 2020, when the first COVID-19 death was registered, to week 47 ending 20 November 2020 in England and Wales through an analysis of excess mortality.
Methods We estimated age and sex-specific excess mortality risk and deaths above a baseline adjusted for seasonality with a systematic comparison of four different models using data from the Office for National Statistics. We additionally provide estimates of life expectancy at birth and lifespan inequality defined as the SD in age at death.
Results There have been 57 419 (95% prediction interval: 54 197, 60 752) excess deaths in the first 47 weeks of 2020, 55% of which occurred in men. Excess deaths increased sharply with age and men experienced elevated risks of death in all age groups. Life expectancy at birth dropped 0.9 and 1.2 years for women and men relative to the 2019 levels, respectively. Lifespan inequality also fell over the same period by 5 months for both sexes.
Conclusion Quantifying excess deaths and their impact on life expectancy at birth provide a more comprehensive picture of the burden of COVID-19 on mortality. Whether mortality will return to—or even fall below—the baseline level remains to be seen as the pandemic continues to unfold and diverse interventions are put in place.
Publication status:
Published
Peer review status:
Peer reviewed

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Publisher copy:
10.1136/jech-2020-215505

Authors


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Institution:
University of Oxford
Division:
SSD
Department:
Sociology
Oxford college:
Nuffield College
Role:
Author
ORCID:
0000-0002-2926-6879
More by this author
Institution:
University of Oxford
Division:
SSD
Sub department:
Sociology
Role:
Author
ORCID:
0000-0003-0615-2868
More by this author
Role:
Author
ORCID:
0000-0002-3340-8518
More by this author
Role:
Author
ORCID:
0000-0003-0529-4135
More by this author
Institution:
University of Oxford
Division:
SSD
Oxford college:
Nuffield College
Role:
Author
ORCID:
0000-0002-3633-5246


Publisher:
BMJ Publishing Group
Journal:
Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health More from this journal
Volume:
75
Issue:
8
Pages:
735-740
Publication date:
2021-01-19
Acceptance date:
2020-12-16
DOI:
EISSN:
1470-2738
ISSN:
0143-005X
Pmid:
33468602


Language:
English
Keywords:
Pubs id:
1157677
Local pid:
pubs:1157677
Deposit date:
2021-01-22

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