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Proposed concepts for the Line Emission Terahertz Observatory (LETO) Band 1 array receiver

Abstract:
The Line Emission Terahertz Observatory (LETO) is a candidate European Space Agency (ESA) M8 mission designed to investigate the interstellar medium, star formation, and the evolution of galaxies through velocity-resolved spectroscopy of key far-infrared emission lines. To meet the demanding sensitivity, spectral-resolution, and mapping-speed requirements of the mission, LETO will employ multi-pixel heterodyne receiver arrays operating across four frequency bands between 0.45 and 5.5 THz.

This paper presents proposed concepts for the LETO Band 1 array receiver, which targets the frequency range below 1 THz using superconductor-insulator-superconductor (SIS) mixer technology. A wideband SIS mixer design covering the baseline 450–650 GHz frequency range is described. The design builds upon proven receiver technologies developed for astronomical instruments, thereby reducing technical risk while maintaining near quantum-limited sensitivity.

Two complementary array architectures are investigated. The first employs a conventional single-polarisation mixer configuration that can be reconfigured to support either single- or dual-polarisation observations. The second is based on a fourprobe dual-polarisation mixer concept that eliminates mechanically reconfigurable optical components while providing flexible observing modes. Several operational configurations are presented, demonstrating how the proposed architecture can balance sensitivity, mapping speed, and spacecraft resource constraints. These concepts form the basis for future development of the LETO Band 1 receiver should the mission progress to subsequent study phases.
Publication status:
Accepted
Peer review status:
Peer reviewed

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Institution:
University of Oxford
Division:
MPLS
Department:
Physics
Sub department:
Astrophysics
Role:
Author
ORCID:
0000-0002-6252-9351
More by this author
Institution:
University of Oxford
Division:
MPLS
Department:
Physics
Sub department:
Astrophysics
Role:
Author
ORCID:
0000-0002-4507-7277


More from this funder
Funder identifier:
https://ror.org/019w4f821
Grant:
803862
Programme:
Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme
More from this funder
Funder identifier:
https://ror.org/001aqnf71
Grant:
10079362
More from this funder
Funder identifier:
https://ror.org/057g20z61
Grant:
2888233


Acceptance date:
2026-01-23
Event title:
35th International Symposium on Space Terahertz Technology (ISSTT) 2026
Event location:
Santiago, Chile
Event website:
https://isstt2026.org/
Event start date:
2026-03-22
Event end date:
2026-03-27


Language:
English
Pubs id:
2435281
Local pid:
pubs:2435281
Deposit date:
2026-06-19
ARK identifier:


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