Validation in trial-based economic evaluations: a scoping review protocol

Journal article

Introduction:
Economic evaluations conducted alongside clinical trials play a key role in informing healthcare decision-making. While structured validation frameworks are well established for model-based economic evaluations, there is no agreed approach to validating trial-based economic evaluations. Validation activities in this context are variably defined, inconsistently reported, and often embedded implicitly within analytical practice. As part of a wider programme of work to develop a validation tool for trial-based economic evaluation, this scoping review aims to systematically map how validation is conceptualised, described, and undertaken in the literature.
Methods and analysis:
This protocol describes a planned scoping review. The completed review will be conducted in accordance with the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. We will search MEDLINE, Embase, and the International Network of Agencies for Health Technology Assessment (INAHTA) database. Grey literature will be identified through targeted searches of health technology assessment and guideline-producing organisation websites, with ProQuest searched for doctoral dissertations only and reference lists of included sources screened. We will include trial-based economic evaluations, methodological and conceptual papers, guidance documents, and empirical studies that describe or assess validation activities relevant to trial-based economic evaluation. Title and abstract screening and full-text review will be undertaken independently by two reviewers. Data extraction will be conducted by one reviewer, with all extracted records independently verified by a second reviewer. Data will be extracted using a structured form capturing study characteristics and validation activities. Findings will be synthesised descriptively using tables and narrative summaries to map validation concepts and practices.
Ethics and dissemination:
Ethical approval is not required as this review will use published literature only. Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publication, conference presentations, and engagement with stakeholders, and will inform subsequent consensus-based work to develop a validation tool for trial-based economic evaluation.

Authors: Png, ME; Khan, K; Sach, T; Parsons, H; Patel, V

• Publication status: Accepted
• Peer review status: Peer reviewed
• Publisher: BMJ Publishing Group
• Journal: BMJ Open
• Acceptance date: 2026-08-20
• EISSN: 2044-6055
• Language: English
• Keywords: validation; economic evaluation; review; protocol