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Toward Black Hole Stars: Supermassive Black Hole Growth in Nuclear Clusters via Stellar-object and Gas Accretion

Abstract:
Supermassive black hole (SMBH) growth plausibly occurs via runaway astrophysical black hole mergers in nuclear star clusters that form intermediate mass black hole seeds at high redshifts. Such a model yields an order-of-magnitude higher rate of tidal disruption events than that of compact-object captures. Our prediction, normalized to our proposed resolution of SMBH seeding, yields detectable tidal disruption event rates at high redshift. The resulting dense gas cocoons generate compact galactic nuclei, each incorporating a central, massive, black hole star, with comparable masses in gas, stars, and massive black holes within a scale of around a parsec as inferred from the various Little Red Dot spectral signatures.
Publication status:
Published
Peer review status:
Peer reviewed

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Publisher copy:
10.3847/2041-8213/ae4c52

Authors

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Role:
Author
ORCID:
0000-0002-0212-3472
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Institution:
University of Oxford
Division:
MPLS
Department:
Physics
Sub department:
Physics - Central
Role:
Author
ORCID:
0000-0002-1566-8148


More from this funder
Funder identifier:
10.13039/100000925
Grant:
62840
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Funder identifier:
10.13039/100000104
Grant:
21-ATP21-0010
More from this funder
Funder identifier:
10.13039/501100005302
Grant:
F ZT 041-1/2023-2024


Publisher:
American Astronomical Society
Journal:
The Astrophysical Journal Letters More from this journal
Volume:
1000
Issue:
1
Pages:
L21
Article number:
L21
Publication date:
2026-03-16
Acceptance date:
2026-02-26
DOI:
EISSN:
2041-8213
ISSN:
2041-8205


Language:
English
Keywords:
Pubs id:
2395200
Local pid:
pubs:2395200
Source identifiers:
3855710
Deposit date:
2026-03-16
ARK identifier:
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